闽西山地耐寒桉属树种/种源引种试验研究

Studies on Introduction of Cold-tolerant Tree Species /Provenances of Eucalyptus to Mountane Region in Western Fujian

摘要:

对5.5年生21种耐寒桉树的53个种源在闽西山地的保存率和生长性状进行了比较分析。结果表明：树高、胸径、单株材积和保存率在树种/种源间均存在显著或极显著差异。经聚类分析可将参试树种/种源分为5类，适宜在闽西山地推广种植的树种包括巨桉(Eucalyptus grandis)、邓恩桉(E. dunnii)、柳桉(E. saligna)、边沁桉(E. benthamii var. benthamii)、道里格白桉(E. dorrigornsis)和赤桉(E. camaldulensis)等，其中巨桉最优种源是来自Near Coffs Harbour NSW的20116号，5年生时材积生长量达171.03 m3 hm-2，邓恩桉最优种源是来自NSW的20633号，5年生时材积生长量达158.61 m3 hm-2，边沁桉最优种源是来自NSW的18788号，5年生时材积生长量达110.96 m3 hm-2。原产地海拔对桉树的适应性影响不大，而降雨的分布类型是引种成功与否的关键性因子，最优树种/种源是来自南纬26º~30º澳大利亚昆士兰州南部、新南威尔士和维多利亚北部内陆夏雨型树种/种源，邓恩桉、巨桉、边沁桉和柳桉可耐-4~-4.5℃的低温，适宜在闽西山地引种栽培。

Abstract:

The introduction experiments of 21 cold-tolerant species with 53 provenances of Eucalyptus at 5.5-year-old had been carried out, which survival and growth characteristics were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences among species and provenances in plant height, DBH and volume and survival. The tested species/provenances could be divided into five clusters by cluster analysis. The E. grandis, E. dunnii and E. benthamii, derived from Near Coffs Harbour NSW (20116) and NSW (20633 and 18788), respectively, had high volume growth at 5-year-old for 171.03 m3 hm-2, 158.61 m3 hm-2 and 110.962 m3 hm-2, respectively. The original altitude had little effect on growth and adaptability, whereas rainfall pattern was the key factor for introduction. The best species/provenances were introduced from 26º~30ºS including southern Queensland, New South Wares and northern Victoria of Austria. E. dunnii, E. grandis, E. benthamii and E. saligna could tolerant the low temperature of -4℃～-4.5℃, so that they were suitable for introduction in mountane region of western Fujian.