台湾桤木引种气候生态适生区分析

Climatically and Ecologically Adaptive Regions for the Introduction of Alnus formosana

摘要:

选择了年平均温度、最冷月平均温度等9个影响台湾桤木(Alnusformosana)分布和生长的关键气候因子,运用模糊相似优先比法,探讨台湾桤木在我国的适生范围。结果表明,台湾桤木气候生态适生区主要分布在长江流域及其以南的部分中亚热带、南亚热带和热带地区,适宜区表现出明显的热带南亚热带性质,次适宜区以中亚热带性质为主。适生区的气候特点是:年均温度在15℃以上,极端最低温在-10℃以上,年降水量在1 000 mm以上,一年中降水量<50 mm的月份不超过5个月。适生区气象因子的主成分分析表明,第一主成分温度因子(年均温、≥10℃积温、最冷月平均温和极端最低温)影响台湾桤木的成活和分布,第二主成分和第三主成分(温度和降水)的综合作用影响台湾桤木的生长。四川和福建的引种实践表明,本预测具有一定的实用价值。

Abstract:

Based on nine climatic factors which affect the growth of Alnus formosana, the adaptive regions forintroduction of the species were investigated using the fussy resemble priority ratio method (FRPR). The nineclimatic factors are mean annual temperature, mean temperature of the coldest months, mean temperature of the hottest months, extreme minimum temperature, extreme maximum temperature, mean annual cumulativetemperature ≥10℃, mean annual precipitation, the number of months with monthly precipitation <50 mm in a year，and mean annual sunshine hours．The results show that the adaptive regions cover over 1 0 provinces along the Yangtze River and its southern areas．The most adaptive regions are in southern subtropical and tropical zones, and followed by middle subtropical zones．The conditions that suitable for the growth ofA．formos are：mean anual temperature above 15℃ ，extreme minimum temperature above -10℃，mean an ual precipitation exceeds 1 000 mm ， and the number of months with precipitation less than 50 mm not exceed 5 months． Climatic factor analysis indicates that the temperature is the first principal component afecting the survival and the distribution of this species， while comprehensive efects of temperature and precipitation are the second and third components which afect the growth of the plant.