火与外来植物相互关系的研究进展

The Relationship between Fire and Invasive Plant Species

摘要:

入侵种对本地的生态系统和生物多样性均有不良的影响,严重的会造成物种的灭绝和生态系统的崩溃,这已在全球范围引起广泛关注。在植物外来种与火生态因子的作用研究中发现,火与外来种的关系随物种生物学特性、火作用的时间、频度、强度不同而不同,火有时会有效地抑制外来种的生长和入侵,有时会促进一些外来种的生长和入侵。反之,一些外来种会对火的产生起到积极的作用,一些外来种又会抑制火的发生。火作为控制入侵种的一种方法,经科学地运用,可对某些入侵种起到有效的控制作用。

Abstract:

Biological invasion and its effects on ecosystem and biodiversity are very important components of the global change, and have been paid great attention worldwide. The impact of invasive plant species on natural ecosystem and biodiversity is becoming more and more serious, which even leads to irreversible species extinction and ecosystem collapse. This is a review of recent studies on the relationship between fire and invasive plant species. This subject is very complicated, which is affected by the characteristics of exotic species, the time, frequency and intensity of fire, and other factors. Sometimes, fire can suppress or inhibit the growth and establishment of exotic species, and sometimes it can facilitate spreading and invasion of exotic species by reducing interference from native species. On the other hand, biological invasions alter the structure and function of ecosystems in myriad ways, and many of the alterations influence fire regimes and post-fire response. Some invasive plants can promote the fire frequency or intensity by changing fuel and fire regimes, and some species is fire suppressor. The characteristics of exotic species and the invasion mechanisms are so diverse that no common pattern could explain all cases. So prevention and management of invasive species is a hard and complicated job, which needs research and consideration on biological features of invasive species and native species, ecosystems, and other environmental factors. As one of the management method of invasive species, fire can be used to control some invasive species effectively when managed scientifically.