香港三种人工林下植物多样性的调查

AN INVESTIGATION OF FLORISTIC DIVERSITY OF THREE TYPES OF PLANTATIONS IN HONG KONG

摘要:

报道了作者于1995年6月至1996年1月期间对香港3种人工林－红胶木林、相思树林、荷树及其混交林林下植物区系调查的初步结果。在10个面积为200-400m²的人工林样方中，共记载了184种非栽培的植物种类，它们分属于70个科139属，其中42％的种类是树木，约占香港树木区系的20％。最常见的植物种类通常具有可以被鸟类传播的小型浆果或核果，它们也是天然次生林中的常见种。这些人工林样方的树木多样性（Shannon指数）在0-2．66之间，随着人工林的年龄增长呈增加的趋势。人工林在加速森林植被的恢复和促进退化地区生物多样性的发展中具有重要的作用，特别是植物种源严重贫乏地区森林植被恢复的重要手段。在营造速生人工林时，适当引入鸟播的野生树种，可加速人工林的自然演替速度和提高人工林的生态效益。

Abstract:

Botanical surveys were conducted during June 1995 and January 1996 toinvestigate the invasion and establishment of native plant species in plantations. Ten plotswith the areas varying from 200 to 400 m² were surveyed in three types of plantations,Lophostemon confertus, Acacia confusa, and Schima superba forests. A total of 184 wildgrowing and mostly pioneer species, belonging to 70 families and 139 genera. were found in these plantations. Approximately 42% were tree taxa, representing 20% of the total tree flora in Hong Kong. The most common native species in plantations were bird-dispersed and were also common in natural secondary forests. The Shannon's indices of the surveyed plantations varied from 0 to 2.66, and appeared to increase with age of the plantations. Plantations play an important role in accelerating restoration of forest cover in degraded areas and the development of biodiversity. The ecological function of plantations can be improved by using a combination of fast growing exotic species and bird dispersed native species so as to accelerate succession.