中国无患子科的地理分布

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SAPINDACEAE IN CHINA

摘要:

无患子科是一个泛热带分布科，全世界有１４４属，１６８０种。本文着重阐述：１．无患子科的分类系统及演化；２．世界无患子科的地理分布；３．中国无患子科的地理分布；４．无患子科的早期分化地点及散布途径。结果表明无患子科的现代分布变异中心在亚洲（印度－马来西亚）－非洲－南美洲。中国无患子科有２５属，５４种，除了特有成分外，均与印度－马来西亚共有，大多数位于分布区的边缘。根据化石记录及现代分布推断，无患子科可能在白垩纪早期起源于冈瓦纳古陆，对其可能的散布途径作了图解。

Abstract:

Sapindaceae is a pantropical distribution family.It is widely distributed in the world except Europe.The Radlkofer's(1931─1934) and J.Muller & P.W. Leenhouts'systems were discussed.The later one was adopted by the present authors. Based on the analysis of generic distribution, the floristics of the family was studied. According to the Takhtajan's (1986) world floristic classification system, Indomalesian subkingdom is the richest region of Sapindaceous plants in the world, the second is Africa, and the third,Neotropic. But the most primitive tribe, Dodonaeae is limited to Australia except one genus endemic to New Caledonia and some pantropical species of Dodonaea.There are only 25 genera and 54 species of sapindaceous plants in China,amouting to 17% and 3% of them in the world, respectively. Among the 25 genera, 6 of them are endemic ones.Most of them are located in the northern edge of generic distribution except the endemic genera(Eurycorymbus, Delavaya. Handeliodendron, Xanthoceras) and Koelreuteria,Boniodendron and Pavieasia. Most of the sapindaceous plants in China are shared with Indo -Malaysia, especially Vietnam.Based on the evidence of microfossils and modern distribution pattern of the family, it can be concluded that the family was possibly originated on Gondwana in very early Cretaceous, and its dispersal pathway is schematized.