主编:叶清
创刊:J Trop Suptrop Bot
国际标准刊号:ISSN 1005-3395
国内统一刊号:CN 44-1374/Q
国内邮发代号:
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1995, 3(2):1-18. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.001
摘要:棕榈科是一个泛热带分布的科,共有198瞩,约2670种,下分6亚科,14族.贝叶棕族是最原始的族.低地榈族则最进化.本科植物在世界上的分布可划分为13个区,其中以印度─马来西亚区和新热带区的属、种最多.中国只有16属和85种,没有特有属.这些种大部分属热带亚洲分布,与热带亚洲植物区系关系非常密切.关于棕榈科起源地问题,有西冈瓦纳起源和劳亚起源之说.根据化石记录和形态特征的分析,棕榈科很可能于早白垩纪起源于西冈瓦纳古陆.这些植物在起源地发生之后.沿着4条路线向欧洲、北美洲、亚洲(南部、东部和东南部)和澳大利亚扩散.
1995, 3(2):19-35. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.002
摘要:The Annonaccae,a pantropic family, is well developed in tropical regions of both Old and New Worlds, mainly at low elevations in moist forests.In warm temperate E.North America, subtropical South America,S. Africa and N. Australia there are only a few species and comparatively rare in Madagascar and in the islands of the Pacific.According to the J.Hutchinson's system, the family comprises 2 subfamilies,3 tribes,2 subtribes,129 genera and about 2287 species. The subfamily Annonoideae has 127 genera, about 2247 species.The subfamily Monodoroideae with 2 genera, about 40 species. confined to Africa including Madagasscar. The Annonaceae is by far the largest family of Annonales. About a third of the species belong to only 5 genera,viz. Guatteria (255),Uvaria (177),Polyalthia (171), Xylopia (159) and Annona (126). The greatest concentration of genera and species is in Indo-Malaysian area of Asia. According to the continental drift and the plate tectonic theories, the origin and the formation of recent distributional patterns of this family were discussed. It is suggested that the early diversity centre of Annonaceae is in the north part of West Gondwanaland. Thus,the family Annonaceae has come into existence since late Cretaceous.In China, the Annonaceae comprises 23 genera (except Annona and Cananga), 103 species and 2varieties. Among them, 45 species and 1 variety are endemic to China. Yunnan is the richest province in species of the family in the country. There is no endemic genus of Annonaceae in China.In this paper the genera in China are classified into 6 distribution patterns, namely: 1.Pantropic (1 genus); 2. Trop. Asia & Trop. Amer .disjunct (1 genus); 3. Old World Tropics (3 genera);4. Trop. Asia & Trop. Australasia (6 genera); 5. Trop. Asia to Trop. Africa (2 genera); 6. Trop.Asia (Indo-Malesia) (10 genera).Some distribution maps of genera in China and statistics of genera in the floristic regions of the world and China are presented .
1995, 3(2):36-46. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.003
摘要:历史生物地理学就其基本原理、概念和研究方法可大致分为以过程为导向的传播学派和以式样为导向的替代学派.本文简要介绍替代学派的一些基本原理和概念,对最近半个世纪以来发展的几种替代学派生物地理学方法:泛生物地理学、更新世森林避难所理论、分支生物地理学以及特有性的简约性分析法的原理、方法作了简要的介绍和评论.
1995, 3(2):47-51. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.004
摘要:本文对沟稃草属AniselytronMerrill的系统分类进行了初步的整理与修订。认为AulacolepisHackel(1907)[NeoaulacolepisS.Rauschert(1982)pronom.nov.Aulacolepis]nonC.v.Etingshausen(1893)、AniselytronMerrill(1910)与AnisachneKeng(1958)是个自然类群,应合并为一属,但不宜归入广义的CalamagrostisAdans.(1763).依据国际植物命名法规的规则,应该采用届名AniselytronMerrill,其模式种是AniselytronagrostoidesMerr.;确认本属有7种2变种,并拟定了3个新组合:AniselytronagrostoidesMerr.var.formosana(Ohwi)N.X.Zhao,A.treutleri(O.Kuntze)Sojakvar.japonica(Hack.)N.X.Zhao和A.gracilis(Keng)N.X.Zhao.
1995, 3(2):52-59. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.005
摘要:砂仁种子包括假种皮、种皮、外胚乳、内胚乳与胚.假种皮由内表皮、外表皮及其间的6—9层薄壁细胞组成.种皮分为外种皮、中种皮与内种皮.外种皮由1层表皮细胞构成,其壁增厚并略木质化.中种皮包括各含1层细胞的下皮层和半透明细胞层与含3—5层细胞的色素层,下皮层与色素层细胞均含有红棕色素,后者的壁呈网状增厚.内种皮由1层内切向壁与径向壁非常增厚的石细胞构成.种皮表面具有许多疣状突起.它们是体积较小的表皮细胞和其内方1—3个局部膨大的下皮细胞向外突起形成的.合点区内种皮出现缺口.缺口附近石细胞增至2—3层;缺口间的合点区色素细胞整体轮廓呈喇叭状.珠孔区分化出珠孔领、孔盖与珠孔区薄壁细胞;孔盖由3—5层石细胞与2—4层色素细胞构成.内胚乳上半部具多层细胞,下半部为单层细胞.脂类物质(含挥发油)主要存在于胚和假种皮细胞中.其次为内胚乳最外层细胞与外种皮.
1995, 3(2):60-64. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.006
摘要:黑节草从传粉到受精约需130d,精子在花粉管中形成,胚囊发育属蓼型胚囊,因反足细胞较早退化.故受精前胚囊多只由卵器和中央细胞组成。精卵核融合时,精核染色质进入卵核后凝集成颗粒状,并在原位与卵核的染色质融合.雌、雄性核仁一直维持至合子的第一次分裂期前.双受精作用正常,属于有丝分裂前配子融合类型.初生胚乳核发生2—3次分裂后逐渐退化消失,胚的发育局限于球形胚阶段.
1995, 3(2):65-69. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.007
摘要:在自生异养条件下,旋扭山绿豆根瘤菌MXDI6菌株的氢酶诱导表达受气相、pH值、镍等因子影响:氢酶表达的最适氧浓度为4%,最适氢浓度为15%,二氧化碳没有明显影响;氢酶表达的pH值以5.0—6.0为宜;0.5μmol/LNiCl2明显促进吸氢活性,但镍浓度大于1μmol/L则抑制吸氢活性.
1995, 3(2):70-76. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.008
摘要:在系统地研究了广东小良水保站的混交林,桉树林,裸地等三种生态系统类型的水文效益以后,本文着重探讨了它们的水土保持效益。结果表明裸地的降雨侵蚀率分别是桉树林的5.2倍,是混交林的228.1倍;径流侵蚀率裸地是桉树林的11.3倍,是混交林的31.9倍。从总体上来看,无论是降雨侵蚀率还是径流侵蚀率都是混交林的最小,而且从侵蚀物的组成来看,混交林地表径流中的悬浮物占较大的比重。侵蚀物与降雨量存在x=f(PA)的相关关系,A的大小反映了降雨对侵蚀的影响程度,不同的土壤是不同的,混交林A<1,桉树林A=1.48,裸地A=1.85,侵蚀率的年间变化以混交林的最大。用灰色系统的GM(2,1)模型,本文较为成功地预测了年际间的侵蚀率。
1995, 3(2):77-82. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.009
摘要:生长于100%、40%和16%自然光下的荷木和黧蒴幼苗叶片稳定碳同位素比(δ13C,-‰),细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)有一定的差别。16%和40%弱光下,δ13C的负值增加-0.54J‰到-0.89‰。Ci增大8.1-13.2μiL-1,WUE则下降6-24%。结果表明,叶片的水分和气体交换特性受生长光强的调节,叶片的δ13C值可反映其生长过程中受光的强弱状况。
1995, 3(2):83-89. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.010
摘要:应用随机引物PCR(RandomPrimerPCR)技术分别在水稻广亲和基因(WCG)的近等基因系和色素原基因(C)的分离群体库中寻找与WCG和C基因连锁的分子标记。对于WCG近等基因系,在226个随机引物中初筛到22个显示多态性片段的引物。根据理论值计算,在22个多态性片段中预期有20个与WCG连锁。在这些连锁标记中距WCG最近的可达0.5cM。同样在分离群体库的筛选中有10个扩增产物与C基因连锁。
1995, 3(2):90-92. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.011
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1995, 3(2):93-100. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-3395.1995.2.012
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主编:叶清
创刊:J Trop Suptrop Bot
国际标准刊号:ISSN 1005-3395
国内统一刊号:CN 44-1374/Q
国内邮发代号: