不同水肥组合对贵州金花茶生长和活性物质的影响

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on the Growth and Active Substances of Camellia huana

摘要:

为探讨不同水肥耦合条件对贵州金花茶(Camellia huana)生长及生理生化指标的影响，选取生长势相似的贵州金花茶，设定3种灌水量和4级肥力处理，在生长季结束后，测定其生物量、株高、地径等生长指标，并测定叶片的总黄酮、总酚、总糖、总氨基酸、丙二醛、脯氨酸、过氧化氢酶及酸性磷酸酶含量。结果表明，在各类水肥耦合模式中，W₂F₂组合[浇水量800 mL/ind.、施肥量(N-P-K) 1.6-1.0-1.0 g/ind.]更有利于贵州金花茶的生长和活性成分的积累，地上生物量、总生物量、总酚、总黄酮等多个指标也达到峰值。因此，建议在推广种植贵州金花茶时，采用W₂F₂组合的水肥管理措施，可促进贵州金花茶的生长和次生代谢产物合成，显著提升植株的胁迫适应性与品质。

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different water and fertilizer coupling conditions on the growth and physiological and biochemical indicators of Camellia huana in Guizhou, plants with similar growth vigor were selected, and three irrigation volumes and four levels of fertility were set. At the end of the growing season, the biomass, plant height, ground diameter and other growth indicators were measured, and the contents of total flavonoids, total phenols, total sugars, total amino acids, malondialdehyde, proline, catalase and acid phosphatase in leaves were determined. The results showed that among various water and fertilizer coupling patterns, the W₂F₂ combination [irrigation volume of 800 mL/ind., fertilizer application (N-P-K) 1.6-1.0-1.0 g/ind.] was more conducive to the growth and accumulation of active components of C. huana, and multiple indicators such as aboveground biomass, total biomass, total phenols and total flavonoids reached their peaks. Therefore, it was recommended that when promoting the cultivation of C. huana, the water and fertilizer management measures of the W₂F₂ combination be adopted, which can promote the growth and secondary metabolite synthesis of C. huana, and significantly improve the stress adaptability and quality of the plants.