8种乡土湿地植物对珠三角地区城市生活污水的净化效果

Purification Effect of 8 Native Wetland Plants on Urban Domestic Sewage in the Pearl River Delta Region

摘要:

为考察乡土湿地植物对当地城市污水的净化效果，以期明晰乡土植物替代外来引种植物用于水体修复的可能性，本研究选取8种广东省乡土植物：石龙芮(Ranunculus sceleratus)、节节草(Commelina diffusa)、肾蕨(Nephrolepis cordifolia)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、海芋(Alocasia macrorrhiza)、短叶水蜈蚣(Kyllinga brevifolia)、水龙(Ludwigia adscendens)、石菖蒲(Acorus tatarinowii)，通过模拟水培试验，探讨这些植物对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)和总磷(TP)的去除效果及污水适应能力。结果表明，湿地植物具有明显的去除水体氮磷的能力，其去除效果随着植物种类和处理时间而改变。石龙芮、水龙和石菖蒲对磷去除效果较好，在高浓度污水中最佳去除率分别为92.40%、95.33%和96.20%；8种供试植物对氨氮均具有较好去除效果，需要依照植物种类和污水浓度对处理时间进行选择以获得较好的去除率。8种乡土湿地植物均可用于修复浓度较低的生活污水，污水浓度较高时宜选择石龙芮、水龙和石菖蒲作为修复材料，这为珠三角地区生活污水修复的植物材料选择提供了参考。

Abstract:

To investigate the purification effect of native wetland plants on local urban sewage and clarify the possibility of using native plants instead of exotic introduced plants for water body restoration, eight native plants in Guangdong Province were selected: Ranunculus sceleratus, Commelina diffusa, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Monochoria vaginalis, Alocasia macrorrhiza, Kyllinga brevifolia, Ludwigia adscendens, and Acorus tatarinowii. Through a simulated hydroponic experiment, the removal effects of these plants on chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), and total phosphorus (TP), as well as their sewage adaptation capabilities, were explored. The results showed that wetland plants had a significant ability to remove nitrogen and phosphorus from water, and their removal effects varied with plant species and treatment time. Ranunculus sceleratus, Ludwigia adscendens, and Acorus tatarinowii could effectively remove phosphorus, achieving optimal removal rates of 92.40%, 95.33%, and 96.20% in high-concentration sewage, respectively. All eight tested plants had good ammonia nitrogen removal effects, and the treatment time should be selected based on plant species and sewage concentration to achieve better removal rates. Therefore, all eight native wetland plants could be used to restore low-concentration domestic sewage, and when the sewage concentration is high, Ranunculus sceleratus, Ludwigia adscendens, and Acorus tatarinowii are recommended as restoration materials. These would provide a reference for the selection of plant materials for domestic sewage restoration in the Pearl River Delta region.