皇甫川流域不同植被类型植物群落特征与土壤抗蚀性关系的研究

Relationship Between Plant Community Characteristics of Different Vegetation Types and Soil Erosion Resistance in Huangfuchuan Basin

摘要:

为探究皇甫川流域不同植被类型下植物群落特征和土壤抗蚀性能，该文以皇甫川流域的20 a人工油松林、20 a人工松杨混合林、40 a人工油松林、40 a人工杨树林、人工柠条灌木林、退化草地、裸地为研究对象，调查苔藓和草本植物的群落特征, 选取13个土壤抗蚀性指标，采用主成分分析法综合评价土壤抗蚀性。结果表明, 40 a人工油松林下苔藓植物的α多样性最高；草本植物在40 a人工杨树林下物种丰富度、均匀度最大。人工乔木林、人工柠条灌木林和退化草地的地表糙度、饱和导水率、土壤有机质含量、全碳全氮含量、紧实度高于裸地，平均重量直径、pH、可蚀性K因子低于裸地；粒径均主要集中在10~250 µm；人工乔木林的土壤黏结力高于裸地。主成分分析结果表明土壤全氮、土壤全碳、有机质、粉粒含量、地表糙度是评价土壤抗蚀性的重要指标；40 a人工油松林综合土壤抗蚀性最高，人工柠条灌木林土壤抗蚀性最低。

Abstract:

To explore the characteristics of plant communities and soil erosion resistance under different vegetation types in the Huangfu Basin, the community characteristics of mosses and herbaceous plants of different vegetation types in the Huangfu Basin were investigated, including 20-year artificial oil pine forest, 20-year artificial pine and poplar mixed forest, 40-year artificial oil pine forest, 40-year artificial poplar forest, artificial caragana shrub forest, degraded grassland and bare land. The soil erosion resistance from 13 indicators was comprehensively evaluated by using principal component analysis. The results showed that the α diversity of mosses was the highest under 40-year artificial oil pine forest; the species richness and evenness of herbaceous plants were the greatest under 40-year artificial poplar forest. The surface roughness, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil organic matter content, total carbon and total nitrogen content, and bulk density of artificial tree forest, artificial caragana shrub forest and degraded grassland were higher than those of bare land, while the average weight diameter, pH and erodibility K factor were lower than those of bare land; the particle size was mainly concentrated in 10-250 µm; the soil cohesion of artificial tree forests was higher than that of bare land. The principal component analysis indicated that soil total nitrogen, soil total carbon, organic matter, silt content and surface roughness were important indicators for evaluating soil erosion resistance; the comprehensive soil erosion resistance of 40-year artificial oil pine forest was the highest, and that of artificial caragana shrub forest was the lowest.