苔藓植物组织培养与应用研究进展

Research Progress on Tissue Culture and Application of Bryophytes

摘要:

苔藓植物是高等植物中最原始的陆生类群，处于水生向陆生转变的过渡环境，具有重要的生态功能，并且苔藓植物富含生物活性多样的次级代谢产物，在医药等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。然而野生苔藓因其体型微小，群落复杂，难以鉴别和富集，极大地限制了对苔藓的深入研究和开发利用。因此，建立高效的苔藓植物组织培养技术体系具有重要的理论和实践意义。该文综述了苔藓植物组织培养的关键影响因素，重点探讨了外植体选择与消毒、培养基优化等核心技术环节，并系统总结了组培苔藓植物在作为环境污染的指示物与环境修复材料、生产具有药用价值的次级代谢产物、作为生物反应器与遗传转化材料生产复杂蛋白或药物、筛选抗逆基因以增强植物对极端环境的适应性等多个领域的应用。分析了当前苔藓植物组织培养中存在的问题，提出了未来研究方向，为苔藓植物的基础研究及实践应用提供了重要参考。

Abstract:

Bryophytes are the most primitive terrestrial group among higher plants, existing in the transitional environment from aquatic to terrestrial, and they have significant ecological functions. Moreover, bryophytes are rich in diverse secondary metabolites with biological activities, showing broad application prospects in fields such as medicine. However, wild bryophytes are difficult to identify and enrich due to their small size and complex communities, which greatly limits in-depth research and development and utilization of bryophytes. Therefore, establishing an efficient tissue culture technology system for bryophytes is of great theoretical and practical significance. This paper reviews the key influencing factors of bryophyte tissue culture, focuses on discussing core technical links such as explant selection and disinfection, and culture medium optimization, and systematically summarizes the applications of tissue-cultured bryophytes in multiple fields, including as indicators of environmental pollution and materials for environmental remediation, production of secondary metabolites with medicinal value, as bioreactors and genetic transformation materials for producing complex proteins or drugs, and screening of stress-resistant genes to enhance plant adaptability to extreme environments. It also analyzes the existing problems in bryophyte tissue culture and proposes future research directions, providing important references for the basic research and practical application of bryophytes.