广东南岭国家级自然保护区华南五针松森林群落生态位特征研究

Study on Niche Characteristics of Pinus kwangtungensis Forest Community in the Nanling National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province

摘要:

为了解华南五针松(Pinus kwangtungensis)群落对环境资源的竞争和共存能力，为南岭国家级自然保护区华南五针松的保护措施提供科学建议，该研究布设典型样方进行乔木层和灌木层的植被调查，利用生态位宽度和生态位重叠等指标对华南五针松群落进行生态位特征分析。结果表明, 华南五针松乔木层Levins和Shannon生态位宽度值排序分别为15和14，灌木层的生态位宽度值较小。华南五针松生态位宽度值随海拔的升高而降低。生态位重叠平均值大于0.5，说明群落处于演替之中，内部竞争激烈。华南五针松在乔木层生态位重叠值较高的植物为厚叶冬青(Ilex elmerrilliana)、黄丹木姜子(Litsea elongata)；生态位重叠值较小的为银钟花(Perkinsiodendron macgregorii)、罗浮柿(Diospyros morrisiana)。海拔导致的土壤水热差异、土壤全氮和全磷含量变化综合影响了华南五针松的生态位宽度。

Abstract:

To understand the competition and coexistence ability of the Pinus kwangtungensis community for environmental resources and provide scientific suggestions for the protection measures of P. kwangtungensis in the Nanling National Nature Reserve, the typical plots were set up to conduct vegetation surveys of the tree and shrub layers, and analyzed the ecological niche characteristics of P. kwangtungensis community using indicators such as niche breadth and niche overlap. The results showed that the Levins and Shannon niche breadth values of the tree layer of P. kwangtungensis were 15 and 14, respectively, while the niche breadth values of the shrub layer were relatively small. The niche breadth values of P. kwangtungensis decreased along altitude. The average niche overlap value was greater than 0.5, indicating that the community was in the process of succession and internal competition was intense. In the tree layer, Pinus kwangtungensis exhibited higher niche overlap with Ilex elmerrilliana and Litsea elongata; those with smaller niche overlap values were Perkinsiodendron macgregorii and Diospyros morrisiana. The differences in soil water and heat caused by altitude, as well as the changes in total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of the soil, comprehensively affected the niche breadth of Pinus kwangtungensis.