不同植被恢复类型对土壤化学性质、酶活性以及真菌群落的影响

Effect of Different Vegetation Restoration Types on Soil Chemical Properties, Enzyme Activities and Fungal Communities

摘要:

为明确不同植被恢复类型(人工恢复与自然恢复)下的土壤养分及其真菌群落特征，揭示人工恢复与自然恢复的土壤肥力差异，对南宁桉树野外站内初始立地条件基本一致的9 a生尾巨桉纯林(Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis, EU)、格木纯林(Erythrophleum fordii, EF)和丢荒自然恢复灌木林(SH)的土壤化学指标、酶活性和真菌群落多样性及组成进行测定，分析不同植被恢复类型对土壤化学指标、酶活性和真菌群落的影响，并探究真菌群落与土壤化学性质和酶活性的相关性。结果表明，相对于SH，EU和EF的全氮(TN)、速效氮(AN)和有机质(OM)含量显著增加，而EU和EF的速效磷(AP)含量显著降低。此外，与SH相比，EU和EF的过氧化氢酶(CAT)和脲酶(UE)活性显著增加，酸性磷酸酶活性(ACP)显著降低。EU和EF的担子菌门(Basidiomycota)和球囊菌门(Glomeromycota)相对丰度显著高于SH。然而，EU和EF的这些土壤指标均没有显著差异(除球囊菌门外)。此外，担子菌门和球囊菌门的相对丰度均与TN、AN、CAT和OM显著正相关，而子囊菌门(Ascomycota)的相对丰度则与AP和ACP呈显著正相关。综合考虑土壤养分及真菌群落特征，该研究区内植被恢复适合人工恢复，但种植桉树和格木纯林之间的差异较小。

Abstract:

To clarify the soil nutrient and fungal community characteristics under different vegetation restoration types (artificial restoration and natural restoration), and to reveal the differences in soil fertility between artificial and natural restoration, the soil chemical indicators, enzyme activities, and fungal community diversity and composition of 9-year-old pure stands of Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis (EU), Erythrophleum fordii (EF), and abandoned natural restoration shrubland (SH) with basically the same initial site conditions in the Nanning Eucalyptus Field Station were measured. The effects of different vegetation restoration types on soil chemical indicators, enzyme activities, and fungal communities were analyzed, and the correlations between fungal communities and soil chemical properties and enzyme activities were explored. The results showed that compared with SH, the total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), and organic matter (OM) contents of EU and EF significantly increased, while the available phosphorus (AP) content of EU and EF significantly decreased. In addition, compared with SH, the catalase (CAT) and urease (UE) activities of EU and EF significantly increased, while the acid phosphatase (ACP) activity significantly decreased. The relative abundances of Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota in EU and EF were significantly higher than those in SH. However, there were no significant differences in these soil indicators between EU and EF (except for Glomeromycota). In addition, the relative abundances of Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota were significantly positively correlated with TN, AN, CAT, and OM, while the relative abundance of Ascomycota was significantly positively correlated with AP and ACP. Considering the soil nutrients and fungal community characteristics comprehensively, artificial restoration is suitable for vegetation restoration in this study area, but the differences between planting pure stands of EU and EFare relatively small.