硅酸钾替代硫酸钾对烤烟产量、质量和钾肥利用的影响

Effect of Potassium Silicate Replacing Potassium Sulfate on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and Utilization of Potassium

摘要:

为明确烤烟基肥中硅酸钾替代硫酸钾的适宜比例，在烤烟专用基肥配方基础上，设计硅酸钾梯度替代硫酸钾，分析其对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、品质性状以及钾肥利用特性的影响。结果表明，与硫酸钾处理相比，硅酸钾替代比例为25%时中、上部烟叶感官质量评价总分分别提高0.61、2.84分，叶部钾素累积量和钾肥利用率分别提高5.5%、6.92%；替代比例为50%时仅上部叶感官质量评价总分提高1.21分，其他指标均差异不显著或降低；替代比例≥75%时，烤烟的最大叶面积、倒三叶面积、产值、产量、中部叶化学品质、感官品质和钾肥利用特性均不及25%替代比例，即过高的替代比例不利于烤烟产量、品质和钾肥利用。结合曲线拟合结果，硅酸钾替代硫酸钾的适宜比例为20.5%~34.2%，能够提高烤烟的钾肥利用效率、产量和烟叶感官质量。

Abstract:

To determine the appropriate proportion of potassium silicate replacing potassium sulfate in the basal fertilizer for flue-cured tobacco, a gradient replacement of potassium silicate for potassium sulfate was designed based on the special basal fertilizer formula for flue-cured tobacco. The effects of this replacement on the agronomic traits, economic traits, quality traits and potassium fertilizer utilization characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the potassium sulfate treatment, when the replacement ratio of potassium silicate was 25%, the total scores of sensory quality evaluation of middle and upper leaves increased by 0.61 and 2.84 points respectively, and the potassium accumulation in leaves and potassium fertilizer utilization rate increased by 5.5% and 6.92% respectively. When the replacement ratio was 50%, only the total score of sensory quality evaluation of upper leaves increased by 1.21 points, and the other indicators showed no significant difference or decreased. When the replacement ratio was ≥75%, the maximum leaf area, the area of the third leaf from the top, output value, yield, chemical quality of middle leaves, sensory quality and potassium fertilizer utilization characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were all inferior to those with a 25% replacement ratio. That is, an excessively high replacement ratio was not conducive to the yield, quality and potassium fertilizer utilization of flue-cured tobacco. Combined with the curve fitting results, the appropriate replacement ratio of potassium silicate for potassium sulfate was 20.5% to 34.2%, which could improve the potassium fertilizer utilization efficiency, yield and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.