调控热带果树成花的因素和机理研究进展

Research Progress on Factors and Mechanisms of Regulating Flower Formation of Tropical Fruit Trees

摘要:

成花诱导是果树的重要生理过程。热带果树生长在热带地区，作为常绿树种，生长习性与温带落叶树种不同，更多受到环境调节而刺激开花。该综述总结了近几年来热带果树成花研究领域的最新进展，包含遗传、外源和内源因素的影响，重点讨论了成花关键基因、miRNA、lncRNA、选择性剪切和表观遗传修饰对成花的调控，关注了热带果树成花在温度、水分、光照、内源激素、碳水化合物和矿质营养上与温带果树的异同，并依据国内外的相关前沿研究进行了展望，以期为进一步了解热带果树的成花机制提供有价值的参考。

Abstract:

Flower induction is an important physiological process in fruit trees. Tropical fruit trees, which grow in the tropical regions as evergreen species, exhibit different growth habits compared to temperate deciduous species and are more stimulated to flower by environmental. The recent advances in the field of tropical fruit tree flowering, including the effects of genetic, exogenous and endogenous factors were summarized. It focuses on the regulation of flowering events by key genes, microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), alternative splicing, and epigenetic modifications. The review also discusses the differences and similarities of flower formation in the tropical fruit trees relative to temperate fruit trees, considering factors such as temperature, water, light, endogenous hormones, carbohydrates, and mineral nutrition. Finally, drawing on the relevant cutting-edge research from around the world, this review offers outlooks aimed at providing valuable references for further understanding of the flowering mechanism of tropical fruit tree.