广州市中心城区不同绿地类型乔木空间结构特征

Spatial Structural Characteristics of Arbor in Different Green Space Types in the Central Urban Area of Guangzhou

摘要:

为掌握广州市中心城区绿地乔木树种的应用现状，通过ArcGIS选取广州市中心城区中的公园绿地、广场用地、单位和居住区附属绿地、区域绿地、防护绿地和道路绿化6类绿地共200个样点进行实地调查，系统分析其乔木组成与结构特征。结果表明，这些绿地共记录乔木3 238株，隶属于60科136属191种，其中榕树(Ficus microcarpa)、小叶榄仁(Terminalia neotaliala)等30余种为优势树种。区域绿地物种丰富度最高，广场用地和道路绿化最低。乡土树种总体应用不足，其中区域绿地比例相对较高，广场用地最低。乔木树龄、胸径结构组成均较为合理，以成年树居多，老树次之；大苗最少，其中广场用地平均胸径最大，区域绿地最小。树高结构层次分明，以中层乔木为主，区域绿地平均树高最高，公园绿地最矮。冠幅结构以中型冠幅乔木为主，防护绿地和道路绿化平均冠幅最大，公园绿地最小。乔木健康状态整体良好，以Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级为主，其中广场用地最优，区域绿地相对较差。因此，建议在未来规划中增加乡土植物的应用，丰富乔木种类选择，优化乔木群落结构，并加强绿化管理，同时注重对大树和古树名木的保护，以提升、优化广州市城市绿地的建设质量。

Abstract:

To grasp the application status of tree species in the green spaces of the central urban area of Guangzhou, The composition and structural characteristics of the trees in 200 sample points selected from six types of green spaces through ArcGIS, including park and greenbelt, Land for square, Unit and residential area attached green space, regional green land, green area for environmental protection and Road planting in the central urban area of Guangzhou were systematically analyzed. The results showed that a total of 3 238 trees were recorded in these green spaces, belonging to 191 species of 136 genera and 60 families. Among them, more than 30 species such as Ficus microcarpa and Terminalia neotaliala were dominant tree species. The species richness of regional green spaces was the highest, while that of square green spaces and road green spaces was the lowest. The application of native tree species was generally insufficient, with the proportion of regional green spaces being relatively high and that of square green spaces being the lowest. The age and diameter structure of the trees were relatively reasonable, with mature trees being the most common, followed by old trees; large trees were the least. The average diameter of square green spaces was the largest, while that of regional green spaces was the smallest. The tree height structure was distinct, with medium-sized trees being the most common. The average height of regional green spaces was the highest, while that of park green spaces was the lowest. The crown width structure was dominated by medium-sized trees, with protective green spaces and road green spaces having the largest average crown width and park green spaces having the smallest. The overall health of the trees was good, with grade Ⅰ and grade Ⅱ healthy trees being the most common. Square green spaces had the best condition, while regional green spaces were relatively poor. Therefore, it is suggested that in future planning, the application of native plants should be increased, the selection of tree species should be enriched, the structure of tree communities should be optimized, and green space management should be strengthened. At the same time, attention should be paid to the protection of large trees and ancient and famous trees to improve and optimize the construction quality of urban green spaces in Guangzhou.