不同砧木对山鸡椒嫁接植株生长和精油品质的影响

Influence of Different Rootstocks on Tree Growth and Fruit Quality of Litsea cebuba

摘要:

为综合评价砧木对山鸡椒(Litsea cubeba)嫁接植株生长和精油品质的影响，以良种‘香玲珑1号’为接穗，研究嫁接季节、砧木类型和规格对嫁接植株存活、生长和果实性状及果实精油和柠檬醛含量的影响。结果表明，3种规格的砧木在不同季节的嫁接成活率为26.39%~87.22%，秋季高于冬季。砧木地径为1.3 cm时嫁接成活率高于1.0和0.8 cm，LC24砧木的植株成活率高于LMCH和LCHS砧木。砧木类型对植株生长势影响显著，LC24砧木的植株胸径、结果枝长度、结果枝粗度和结果枝数量均表现最好，显著高于LMCH。LC24为砧木时，3 a生植株开花株率显著高于另2种砧木。不同砧木类型的果实产量、百粒重、大小、精油含量和柠檬醛含量均呈现逐年增大的趋势，且5 a生植株均显著高于3 a生；LC24砧木均显著高于另2种砧木，LMCH表现最差。这为山鸡椒良种规模化扩繁、了解砧穗互作机制奠定了基础。

Abstract:

In order to comprehensively evaluate the effect of rootstock on the growth of grafted plants of Litsea cubeba and essential oil quality of fruits, the effects of grafting season, rootstock type and size on survival, growth, and fruit properties, fruit essential oil and citral content of grafted plants were studied by using ‘xianglinglong-1’ as scion. The results showed that the graft survival of three types of rootstock in different seasons ranged from 26.39% and 87.22%, and it was higher for grafting in autumn than in winter. When the rootstock diameter was 1.3 cm, the graft survival rate was higher than 1.0 and 0.8 cm, while the graft survival rate of LC24 was higher than that of LMCH and LCHS. The rootstock type had significant influence on plant growth, LC24 rootstock had the best DBH, fruity branch length, fruity branch thickness and fruity branch number, which were significantly higher than LMCH. Fruit yield, 100-grain weight, size, essential oil content and citral content of different rootstocks increased year by year, and 5-year-old plants were significantly higher than 3-year-old plants. LC24 stocks were significantly higher than the other two stocks, and LMCH performed the worst. Therefore, these would lay a foundation for the large-scale propagation of the fine varieties of L. cubeba and the understanding of the mechanism of rootstock-scion interaction.