南酸枣种质资源果实性状变异和综合评价

Variation and Evaluation of Fruit Traits from Choerospondias axillaris Germplasm Resources

摘要:

为了解典型分布区南酸枣(Choerospondias axllaris)种质资源果实性状变异规律和遗传多样性，对来源于7省20份南酸枣种质资源的14个主要性状进行了系统分析和综合评价。结果表明，20份南酸枣种质资源果实的14个性状具有不同程度的变异和遗传多样性，除果形指数、可食率外的其他果实性状的变异系数均在10%以上，果实性状平均遗传多样性指数为1.88。相关性分析表明南酸枣单果重与果皮重、果核重、果肉重、横径等指标均呈极显著正相关，相关系数大于0.93。聚类分析将南酸枣种质资源划分为2大类群，其中第2大类群又分为3个小类群，类群间不同性状差异显著，最大的差异是单果重。采用主成分综合评分法建立了南酸枣综合分析模型，并筛选出17#、16#、10#、91#等种质，其具有果大、维生素C含量较高、总糖含量较高的特点，综合性状佳，可作为优良种质资源进行培育。因此，南酸枣种质资源果实性状具有丰富的遗传多样性，筛选出的4个果用南酸枣种质资源具有较高选育价值和开发利用潜力。

Abstract:

In order to analyze the variation pattern and genetic diversity of Choerospondias axillaris germplasms in typical distribution areas, fourteen fruit traits of 20 germplasms from 7 provinces were systematically analyzed and comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that there were variation and genetic diversity of 14 fruit traits in 20 germplasm resources. The variation coefficients of fruit traits except fruit shape index and edible rate were more than 10%, and the average genetic diversity index of fruit traits was 1.88. The correlation analysis showed that the single fruit weight of C. axillaris was positively correlated with the indexes of peel weight, kernel weight, pulp weight and transverse diameter, and the correlation coefficient was greater than 0.93. The 20 germplasms of C. axillaris were divided into 2 groups by cluster analysis, and the group II was further divided into 3 subgroups, and there were significant differences in fruit traits between 2 groups, and the biggest difference was single fruit weight. A comprehensive analysis model was established based on the principal component comprehensive scoring method. The 17#, 16#, 10#, 91# germplasms were selected, which had the characteristics of large fruit, high Vitamin C content, high total sugar content, and good comprehensive traits, and could be used as excellent germplasm resources for cultivation. Therefore, the fruit traits of C. axillaris germplasms had rich variation and genetic diversity, the selected 4 germplasm resources for fruit use had high breeding value and potential for development and utilization.