东莞市亚热带常绿阔叶次生林优势种生态位特征研究

Niche Characteristics of Dominant Tree Species of Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Secondary Forest in Dongguan City, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

为了解广东省东莞市亚热带常绿阔叶次生林群落的生态位特征和演替现状，设置3个1 hm²样地，采用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠，对东莞市马山和银瓶山市级自然保护区的亚热带常绿阔叶次生林群落优势种进行生态位特征分析。结果表明，马山和银瓶山亚热带常绿阔叶次生林群落主要由樟科、芸香科、山茶科、鼠刺科、茜草科等树种组成。群落中山油柑(Acronychia pedunculata)、木荷(Shichima superb)、华润楠(Machilus chinensis)、黄樟(Cinnamomum parthenoxylon)、鼠刺(Itea chinensis)的生态位宽度较大，生态位宽度与频数关系密切。优势种生态位重叠值介于0~0.53，生态位重叠程度低，竞争关系较弱。3个样地所处演替阶段不同，银瓶山样地阳生树种与其他树种的生态位重叠值较大，马山样地中生性树种与其他树种的生态位重叠值更大，体现出常绿阔叶林从阳生树种建群到中生性树种建群的更替过程，为该区次生林的保护和管理提供科学依据。

Abstract:

To understand the niche characteristics and succession status of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved secondary forest community in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, three 1 hm² plots were set up. Levins niche width and Pianka niche overlap are used to analyze the niche characteristics of the dominant tree species of the evergreen broad-leaved secondary forest community in Mashan and Yinpingshan Nature Reverses in Dongguan. The results showed that the secondary forest communities in Mashan and Yinpingshan were mainly composed of Lauraceae, Rutaceae, Theaceae, Iteaceae, Rubiaceae. The niche width of Acronychia pedunculata, Shichima superb, Machilus chinensis, Cinnamomum parthenoxylon, Itea chinensis in communities was large, and the niche width was closely related to the frequency. The niche overlap of dominant tree species ranged from 0 to 0.53, indicating that the competition of dominant tree species was weak. The succession stages of the three plots are different. The niche width and the niche overlap of heliophytes were large in Yinpingshan communities, while those of mesophytes in Mashan community were relatively larger, reflecting the replacement process of evergreen broad-leaved forest from heliophytes to mesophytes, these would provide scientific basis for the protection and management of secondary forest in this area.