金花茶叶活性成分分析

Active Constituent Analysis in Six Camellia sect. Chrysantha Leaves

摘要:

为了解不同金花茶叶的矿质元素组成和活性成分，对中东金花茶(Camellia achrysantha)、龙州金花茶(C. long-zhouensis)、毛籽金花茶(C. ptilosperma)、柠檬黄金花茶(C. limonia)、崇左金花茶(C. chuongtsoensis)、金花茶(C. nitidissima)叶的7种矿质元素(钾、镁、钙、钠、铁、锌和硒)、总酚、总黄酮、总抗坏血酸和可溶性糖、茶多酚和咖啡碱、氨基酸等活性成分含量进行测定，并基于活性成分含量对6种金花茶进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明，柠檬黄金花茶的钾、镁、钠含量最高，分别为18.70、2.67和1.01 g/kg；钙含量最高的是中东金花茶(42.99 g/kg)；铁含量最高的是崇左金花茶(334.14 mg/kg)；锌含量最高的是毛籽金花茶(22.46 mg/kg)；硒含量最高的是龙州金花茶(0.47 mg/kg)；不同金花茶叶中7种元素存在显著差异(P<0.05)。6种金花茶中共检测出15种氨基酸，仅缺少天冬酰胺、色氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸和谷氨酰胺。6种金花茶的活性成分含量均表现出可溶性糖>总酚含量>总黄酮含量>总抗坏血酸的趋势，其中毛籽金花茶的含量均为最高。茶多酚含量最高的为中东金花茶；咖啡碱含量均较低，在中东金花茶与崇左金花茶中未检出。主成分分析结果表明，PC1、PC2和PC3累计贡献率达87.439%，同时活性成分含量综合评分得出柠檬黄金花茶表现最为优异。活性成分含量聚类分析结果表明，柠檬黄金花茶和其他种差异性较大，中东金花茶和毛籽金花茶、崇左金花茶和金花茶差异性较小。这为金花茶的开发利用提供了理论依据。

Abstract:

In order to understand the mineral element composition and active component, the contents of seven mineral elements (K, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Zn, Se), total phenol, total flavone, total ascorbic acid and soluble sugar, tea polyphenol, caffeine and amino acid in the leaves of six Camellia species, such as C. achrysantha, C. long- zhouensis, C. ptilosperma, C. limonia, C. chuongtsoensis and C. nitidissima, were determined. Based on the contents of active component, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were studied. The results showed that the contents of K, Mg, and Na in C. limonia were the highest, which were 18.70, 2.67, and 1.01 g/kg, respectively. The Ca content in C. achrysantha was the highest (42.99 g/kg), the Fe content in C. chuongtsoensis was the highest (334.14 mg/kg), the Zn content in C. ptilosperma was the highest with 22.46 mg/kg; the Se content in C. long-zhouensis was the highest with 0.47 mg/kg. There were significant differences in seven mineral elements in leaves among different species (P<0.05). A total of 15 amino acids were detected in 6 Camellia species, only asparagine, tryptophan, threonine, cysteine and glutamine were missing. The active ingredient contents in 6 Camellia species showed the trend of soluble sugar>total phenol>total flavone>total ascorbic acid, and those of C. ptilosperma were the highest. The content of tea polyphenol in C. achrysantha was the highest. The caffeine content in 6 Camellia species was low, but not detected in C. achrysantha and C. chuongtsoensis. The principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of PC1, PC2 and PC3 reached 87.439%, and based on comprehensive score of component content, C. limonia was the best. The cluster analysis based on active component content showed that the difference between C. limonia and other species was large, and that between C. achrysantha and C. ptilosperma, C. chuongtsoensis and C. nitidissima was small. Therefore, these would provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Camellia sect. Chrysantha.