珍稀植物银粉蔷薇叶功能性状对环境变化的响应

Response of Leaf Functional Traits of Rare Plant Rosa anemoniflora to Environmental Changes

摘要:

叶功能性状可以反映植物对环境的适应策略。该文选择福建省延平区不同海拔高度上的6个野生银粉蔷薇(Rosaanemoniflora)群落，基于样方调查，采用变异系数(CV)、Pearson相关分析和冗余分析研究了环境因子对银粉蔷薇叶功能性状的影响。结果表明，银粉蔷薇群落生境异质性强，不同环境土壤因子的CV为9.44%~122.28%，土壤pH的变异程度最小，土壤有效磷的变异程度最大。不同环境土壤因子指标间的差异显著，中海拔地区土壤pH、有机质、全量氮磷钾和速效氮磷钾含量较高，土壤化学计量较低，高海拔地区的土壤含水率和土壤化学计量比最高。不同环境中银粉蔷薇叶功能性状的CV为2.49%~97.58%，其中叶片含水率的变异程度最小，比叶重的变异程度最大，随着海拔的升高，银粉蔷薇叶的磷、钾、钙、镁含量呈增加趋势，说明叶功能性状多样性丰富，对异质生境具有较强适应性。Pearson相关分析表明，银粉蔷薇叶的干物质含量与钙含量呈显著正相关，钾和镁含量呈负相关，高海拔地区银粉蔷薇可通过提高钾、钙、镁的吸收来增加植株抗逆性，以应对生境变化。冗余分析表明，土壤速效钾和含水率是银粉蔷薇叶功能性状随环境变化的主要驱动因子。这表明银粉蔷薇叶片通过功能性状变异和性状组合来适应海拔高度和生境的变化，通过研究银粉蔷薇叶功能特征及与环境因子的关系，有助于理解小尺度环境变化对植物变异的影响，为银粉蔷薇野生资源的保育、开发和遗传改良研究等提供理论指导。

Abstract:

Leaf functional traits can reflect the adaptation strategies of plant to environment. Based on the sample survey, six wild Rosa anemoniflora communities at different altitude in Yanping District, Fujian Province were selected to study the effects of environment factors on leaf functional traits by using coefficient of variation, Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis. The results showed that the habitat heterogeneity of R. anemoniflora communities was strong, the CV of soil factors under different environment ranged from 9.44% to 122.28%, among which soil pH was the smallest, and soil available phosphorus content was the largest. There are significant differences among soil factor indexes under different environment. The soil pH, contents of organic matter, total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) and available nitrogen (AN), phosphorus (AP) and potassium (AK) were high in the middle altitude areas, and the soil stoichiometric ratio was low, while the soil moisture content and soil stoichiometric ratio were the highest in the high altitude areas. Under different environment, the CV of leaf functional traits of R. anemoniflora ranged from 2.49% to 97.58%, among which leaf water content was the smallest, and the specific leaf weight was the largest. Along the altitude, the contents of P, K, calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in leaves showed an increasing trend, indicating that the diversity of leaf functional traits was abundant, and had strong adaptability to heterogeneous habitats. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the dry matter content was significantly positively correlated with Ca content in leaves, and the contents of K and Mg were negatively correlated with C/N and N/P in leaves. Rosa anemoniflora at high altitude could increase stress resistance by improving the absorption of K, Ca and Mg to cope with habitat changes. The redundancy analysis showed that soil AK and water content were the main driving factors of leaf functional trait change with environment. Therefore, it was suggested that the leaf of R. anemoniflora adapted to the changes of altitude and habitat through functional trait variation and trait combination. The study on the functional traits of R. anemoniflora leaves and their relationship with environment factors would help to understand the impact of small-scale environmental changes on plant variation, and provide theoretical guidance for the conservation, development and genetic improvement of wild resources of R. anemoniflora.