云南哀牢山退化常绿阔叶林乔木多样性和生物量的恢复

Recovery of Tree Species Diversity and Biomass of Degraded Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan Province, Southwest China

摘要:

为了探究退化森林的树种组成变化和生物量储量的恢复规律，该研究选取云南哀牢山不同演替阶段的常绿阔叶林为对象，比较了不同演替阶段森林群落结构、树种多样性和生物量变化。结果表明，从演替早期到演替末期，乔木的科数先减少后增多，属数和种数则逐渐增加；Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数随演替进程均呈增加的趋势；乔木生物量储量随演替进程逐渐升高，演替早期和演替中期的生物量分别为演替末期生物量的9.87%和65.98%；群落水平的树种多样性指数与总生物量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。树木的生长和树种多样性的提高是影响群落乔木生物量储量递增的因素，且哀牢山处于湿冷的气候条件，退化森林植被的恢复相对比较缓慢。

Abstract:

In order to investigate the changes in tree species composition and biomass storage of degraded forests, we selected the evergreen broad-leaved forests in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan Province, southwest China were selected as the objects, and the forest community structure, tree species diversity and biomass changes were compared at different succession stages. The results showed that the number of families of tree species decreased first and then increased from early successional stage (ES) to late successional stage (LS), while the numbers of genera and species gradually increased. Moreover, the Margalef richness index, Simpson dominance index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index all increased with succession process. The tree biomass showed an increasing trend, which at ES and middle successional stage (MS) were 9.87% and 65.98% of that at LS, respectively. Furthermore, the tree diversity index had significant positive correlation with the total biomass at plot level (P<0.05). Therefore, it was suggested that with the succession process, the growth of trees and the tree species diversity were the main factors affecting tree biomass storage, and the forest restoration in the Ailao Mountains was relatively slow because of moist and cold climate.