湿垃圾来源的蚯蚓粪肥对连作障碍土壤质量和黄瓜产量的影响

Effects of Earthworm Manure Fertilizer Produced by Wet Waste on Continuous Cropping Obstacles on Soil Properties and Yield of Cucumis sativus

摘要:

随着城市化的发展，湿垃圾产量与日俱增，湿垃圾资源化利用迫在眉睫。利用蚯蚓处理湿垃圾制作蚯蚓粪肥用于农田土壤改良，是一项有效的湿垃圾资源化利用途径以及有利于缓解蔬菜连作障碍方面问题。该文以常规有机肥为参照，选取以湿垃圾及其厌氧沼渣为原料制作的蚯蚓粪肥为研究对象，研究连续3年施加蚯蚓粪肥对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)土壤综合质量和作物产量的影响。结果表明，经过3年的改良后，施加60.0 t/hm²蚯蚓粪肥的黄瓜产量提高了5.60%，土壤有机质含量提高了50.0%，且蚯蚓粪肥的效果要高于常规有机肥；土壤全氮含量达到最高，高于背景值33.0%；土壤的养分含量(硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾)也得到了提高，其中速效钾含量升高了94.0%。经过3年的改良，土壤中的细菌数量在施加了有机肥后明显增加，其中以添加30.0 t/hm²蚯蚓粪肥的细菌数量最多；土壤细菌/真菌的比值有所提高，土壤生物性状得到改善。土壤的呼吸强度随着有机肥的施入而升高，以施加60.0 t/hm²蚯蚓粪肥的最大；土壤pH略有降低，盐度无明显变化。因此，湿垃圾来源的蚯蚓粪肥能改善土壤的理化和生物学性质，可在一定程度上缓解连作障碍的发生，可作为化肥替代品或与化肥相配合在农业生产中进行推广。

Abstract:

With the development of urbanization, the output of wet waste is increasing, and the resource utilization of wet waste is imminent. Using earthworm to treat wet waste to make earthworm manure for farmland soil improvement is an effective way of resource utilization of wet refuse and is conducive to alleviating the obstacles of vegetable continuous cropping. Earthworm manure made from wet waste and anaerobic biogas residue was selected as the study object. The effects of earthworm manure applied for three consecutive years on soil quality and crop yield of Cucumis sativus were studied. The results showed that after three years of improvement, the organic matter content and cucumber yield treated with 60.0 t/hm²earthworm manure increased by 50.0% and 5.60%, respectively, and the effect of earthworm manure was higher than that of conventional organic manure. The soil total nitrogen content reached the highest level, which was 33.0% higher than the background value. The soil nutrient content (nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium) was also improved, and the available potassium content was increased by 94.0%. After 3 years of improvement, the number of bacteria in the soil increased significantly with the application of organic fertilizer, in which was the highest treated with 30.0 t/hm² earthworm manure. The ratio of soil bacteria/fungi was increased, and the biological properties of soil were improved. The soil respiration intensity increased with the application of organic fertilizer, in which was the highest treated with 60.0 t/hm² earthworm manure. Soil pH decreased slightly and salinity did not change significantly. Therefore, earthworm manure from wet waste can improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, alleviate the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles to a certain extent, and can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer or combined with chemical fertilizer to promote agricultural production.