磷和钾对大灰藓植株生长生理和营养元素的影响

Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth Physiology and Nutrient Elements of Hypnum plumaeforme

摘要:

大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme)具有良好的景观效果和应用前景，但生长缓慢且缺少系统的栽培技术研究，对其推广应用有一定影响。该研究分别将磷肥(P)、钾肥(K)、PK复合肥作为一次性基肥使用，研究不同施肥处理下大灰藓的生长生理和营养元素的变化，并用模糊隶属函数法选出最佳施肥处理。结果表明，施肥能显著增加大灰藓的覆盖度，K₁₈处理的植株覆盖度较对照(CK)提高了53.9%。施肥能显著增加植株类胡萝卜素、叶绿素(除K₁₂)、可溶性蛋白(P₂₄、PK₁₂、PK₃₀除外)含量，降低植株可溶性糖含量(除P₂₄、PK₆)，P₁₈处理的植株类胡萝卜素和叶绿素含量最高，分别为CK的3.42和2倍。P肥显著增加了植株P含量，以P₁₈的影响最大，为CK的1.33倍；K肥对植株K含量积累的促进作用最好，K₁₈处理的植株K含量最高(为CK的1.62倍)。模糊综合评价表明K₁₈、P₁₈处理分别对提高植株覆盖度、绿度的维持作用最好。因此，以P₁₈处理对增强大灰藓长势及植株呈色的促进作用最好。

Abstract:

Hypnum plumaeforme has good landscape effect and application prospect, but its slow growth and lack of systematic cultivation technology research have a certain impact on its popularization and application. Phosphorus fertilizer (P), potassium fertilizer (K) and PK compound fertilizer were used as single-use base fertilizer, respectively, and the growth physiology and nutrient changes were studied under different fertilization treatments, and the best fertilization treatment was selected by fuzzy membership function method. The results showed that fertilization could significantly increase the coverage of H. plumaeforme, and the coverage under K₁₈ was 53.9% higher than that of control (CK). Fertilization significantly increased the contents of carotenoids, chlorophyll (except for K₁₂) and soluble protein (except P₂₄, PK₁₂ and PK₃₀), but decreased the soluble sugar content (excluding P₂₄ and PK₆). The contents of carotenoid and chlorophyll in plants treated with P₁₈ were the highest, which were 3.42 times and 2 times that of CK, respectively. P fertilizer significantly increased P content in plant, and P₁₈ had the greatest effect, which was 1.33 times that of CK. K fertilizer had the best promoting effect on the accumulation of K content in plants, and the K content in plants treated with K₁₈ was the highest (1.62 times that of CK). Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation showed that K₁₈ and P₁₈ had the best promotion effect on improving plant coverage and maintenance of greenness, respectively. Therefore, P₁₈ treatment had the best effect on enhancing growth and plant color.