英德野生茶树叶片表型性状的遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity and Primitive Analysis of Leaf Phenotypic Traits of Wild Tea in Yingde

摘要:

为了解英德野生茶树的叶片表型性状的遗传多样性及进化特点，对英德89份野生茶树资源的表型性状的变异系数、遗传多样性指数、表型分化系数进行分析。结果表明，89份资源的18项叶片性状的变异系数为12.90%~43.11%，平均27.86%；平均遗传多样性指数为1.12，表型分化系数为17.07%~45.51%，平均33.40%。聚类分析结果表明，当欧氏距离为21.5时, 所有材料可分为4大类，分类结果与地域分布有一定相关性。巢氏方差分析表明，在不同种群间和种群内，数量性状均有极显著差异。相关性分析表明，叶长与叶宽、叶面积、叶脉对数、叶长宽比、叶形呈极显著相关；叶形与叶长宽比、叶脉对数之间呈极显著相关；叶基与叶宽之间呈极显著相关；叶长宽比与叶尖、着生状态呈极显著负相关。因此，英德野生茶树资源存在丰富的遗传多样性，茶树种质资源类型原始型、进化型以及中间类型并存，但以中间类型和进化型为主。

Abstract:

In order to understand the genetic diversity and evolutionary characteristics of phenotypic traits of 89 wild tea trees from Yingde, Guangdong Province, the coefficients of variation, genetic diversity index, phenotypic differentiation coefficient of phenotypic traits were analyzed. The results showed that the variation coefficient of 18 leaf traits of 89 resources ranged from 12.90% to 43.11%, with an average of 27.86%. The average genetic diversity index was 1.12, and the phenotypic differentiation coefficient ranged from 17.07% to 45.51%, with an average of 33.40%. The cluster analysis results showed that when the Euclidean distance was 21.5, all the materials could be divided into four categories, and the classification results had correlation with the geographical distribution. The variance analysis showed that there were significant differences in quantitative traits between and within different populations. The correlation analysis showed that leaf length was significantly correlated with leaf width, leaf area, leaf vein number, ratio of leaf length to width and leaf shape. The leaf shape was significantly correlated with ratio of leaf length to width and leaf vein number. There was a significant correlation between leaf base and leaf width. The ratio of leaf length to width had negatively significant correlation with leaf tip and leaf direction. Therefore, there were abundant genetic diversity in wild tea resources in Yingde, and the types of wild tea germplasm resource were primitive, evolutionary and intermediate, but the evolutionary and intermediate types were the main ones.