中国盐沼湿地蓝碳碳汇研究进展

Research Progress of Blue Carbon Sink in Chinese Salt Marshes

摘要:

滨海蓝碳主要指被红树林、盐沼湿地、海草床等蓝碳生态系统所固定的碳，这部分碳对于减缓气候变暖意义重大。其中盐沼湿地作为我国面积最大、分布广泛的滨海湿地，受到人类活动的扰动较多，其碳汇估算的数据缺乏系统性与完整性。通过收集我国的盐沼湿地相关研究与数据，本文对我国盐沼湿地的分布现状及其碳储量、碳埋藏、碳来源、温室气体通量进行了总结，其中我国盐沼湿地的分布面积为(1.27~3.43)×10⁵hm²，总碳储量为(7.5±0.6) Tg，碳埋藏速率为7~955 g C/(m²·a)，非CO₂温室气体通量分别为23.6~986 μg CH₄/(m²·h)和1.58~110 μg N₂O/(m²·h)。本文系统梳理了有关我国盐沼湿地碳汇功能的研究，指出我国盐沼湿地碳循环研究仍需加深对机制机理的解析和关键调控因子的探究，以期让盐沼湿地蓝碳为我国的碳达峰与碳中和战略做出更大贡献。

Abstract:

Coastal blue carbon mainly refers to the carbon sequestrated by the blue carbon ecosystems, such as mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass meadows, which plays a vital role in mitigating climate warming. Salt marshes, the largest coastal wetlands in China, have been greatly affected by anthropogenic activities in the past several decades. However, there is still a lack of data synthesis of existing estimations and observations on carbon storage and sink of the salt marshes in China. Here, we systematically reviewed the distribution of salt marshes, carbon storage, carbon burial, carbon sources, and greenhouse gas fluxes in China. The distribution of salt marshes in China was (1.27-3.43)×10⁵hm², the soil organic carbon storage of salt marshes in China was (7.5±0.6) Tg, the carbon burial rate was 7-955 g C/(m²·a), and the greenhouse gas fluxes were 23.6-986 μg CH₄/(m²·h) and 1.58-110 μg N₂O/(m²·h), respectively. The research on the carbon cycle of Chinese salt marshes still needs to deepen the understanding of carbon sequestration mechanism and key regulators, so that salt marshes can make a greater contribution to the strategies of carbon neutrality in China.