华南地区外来入侵和归化植物分析

Analysis on the Alien Invasive and Naturalized Plants in South China

摘要:

为了解华南地区外来植物现状，通过野外调查和查阅文献等，确定华南地区有外来入侵和归化植物45科141属223种，以菊科(Asteraceae,38种)、豆科(Fabaceae,36种)、禾本科(Poaceae,19种)植物为主，其中草本植物和原产美洲的植物占优势，分别有204种(占总数的91.5%)和163种(占73.1%)。广东外来入侵植物有159种，归化植物23种；广西有入侵植物135种，归化植物16种；海南有入侵植物111种，归化种15种；香港有入侵植物105种，归化植物9种；澳门有入侵植物89种，归化种4种；华南5省区共有的外来入侵和归化植物为57种(55种为入侵植物，2种为归化植物)。广东是外来植物种类最多的地区，与其他4省区共有的外来入侵和归化植物种类也最多，说明广东同时是外来植物输入和输出大省。由于气候和生态生境的相似性，各省区都面临着其他植物从周边地区入侵的风险，因此在治理入侵植物时，应建立联合防控机制对外来入侵植物的联合监测和防控，以提升外来入侵植物的治理成效和降低其对人类健康和生态安全的威胁。

Abstract:

In order to understand the current situation of alien plants in South China, 223 species of alien plants belonging to 141 genera and 45 families were identified by field investigation and literature review, mainly composed of Asteraceae (38 species), Fabaceae (36 species) and Poaceae (19 species). The herbs and plants native to the Americas dominated, with 204 herbs (91.5% of the total) and 163 plants (73.1%), respectively. There were 159 invasive and 23 naturalized plants in Guangdong, 135 invasive and 16 naturalized plants in Guangxi, 111 invasive and 15 naturalized species in Hainan, 105 invasive and 9 naturalized plants in Hong Kong, 89 invasive and 4 naturalized species in Macao. Among them, there are 57 alien invasive and naturalized plants commonly distributed in the 5 provinces and regions of South China (55 invasive and 2 naturalized species). Guangdong has the largest number of alien species, meantime, and the largest number of alien invasive and naturalized species share with the other four provinces and regions, indicating that Guangdong is the major input and output province for alien plants. Due to the similarity of climate and ecological habitats in South China, each province is at risk of invasion by other species from surrounding areas, therefore, when controlling invasive plants, joint monitoring, prevention and control mechanism should be established, so as to improve the control efficiency of alien invasive plants and reduce the threat to human health and ecological safety.