生态恢复方式对喀斯特生境苔藓植物物种组成的影响

Effect of Restoration Methods on Species Composition of Bryophytes in Karst Habitats

摘要:

为探究生态恢复方式对苔藓植物的影响，研究了自然弃耕和退耕还林等生态恢复方式对重庆市中梁山喀斯特地区不同生境类型下苔藓植物物种组成特征的影响。结果表明，研究区有苔藓植物15科26属41种，其中藓类39种，苔类2种，美灰藓(Eurohypnum leptothollum)为主要优势物种；研究区石生藓类植物占比较大，生活型以平铺型和丛集型为主，各生境物种多样性及相似性指数整体偏低，但相比弃耕杂草地、灌木林和经济型林地，竹林和马尾松林中苔藓植物具有更高的物种多样性；冗余分析表明，郁闭度和光照强度是影响苔藓植物分布的关键环境因子，乔木林为苔藓植物的生长提供了更适宜的生境。因此，相比于自然恢复和经济性林地等恢复方式，退耕还林是喀斯特退化生境更为理想的生态恢复方式。

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of ecological restoration methods on bryophyte, the species composition in different habitat types in Zhongliangshan Karst area of Chongqing, China under natural abandonment and conversion of farmland to forest, et al. was studied. The results showed that there were 41 species of bryophytes in 15 families and 26 genera, including 39 mosses and 2 liverworts, and Eurohypnum leptotholum was the dominant species. Lithophytic mosses occupy a large proportion, and their life forms are mainly tiled and clustered. The species diversity and similarity index of all habitats were low on the whole. Bryophytes in bamboo forest and Masson pine forest had higher species diversity than those in abandoned weedy land, shrub land and economic forest. Redundancy analysis showed that canopy density and light intensity were the key environmental factors affecting bryophyte distribution, tree forest provided more suitable habitats for bryophyte growth. Therefore, compared with natural restoration and economic forest restoration, returning farmland to forest was a more ideal ecological restoration method for karst degraded habitats.