不同倍性白姜花切花挥发性成分差异分析

Volatile Components in Cut Flowers of Diploid and Tetraploid Hedychium coronarium

摘要:

为比较二倍体和四倍体白姜花(Hedychium coronarium)切花挥发性成分差异，采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术测定了二倍体和四倍体白姜花切花初开期、盛开期和初衰期释放物质种类，通过峰面积归一法测定了各成分的相对含量，建立正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型进行主成分分析和变量重要性投影(VIP)分析。结果表明，白姜花切花挥发性成分包含63种萜烯类、40种苯丙素类和22种脂肪酸衍生物类物质；萜烯类物质相对含量大于其他两类，四倍体白姜花在初开和盛开期挥发物质总质量极显著大于二倍体。二倍体与四倍体挥发性成分的组间差距明显，两个倍性组内差距在正常范围内；挥发性成分约63.7%的代表性特征得到较好聚类；优势成分和劣势成分均是两个倍性白姜花差异的重要成分。在盛开期和初衰期，α-罗勒烯是四倍体特有的且相对含量最大的优势成分，β-罗勒烯是二倍体中相对含量最大且显著多于四倍体的优势成分；二倍体和四倍体共有的优势成分和贡献较大的物质是石竹烯、沉香醇、桉树脑、α-金合欢烯和苯甲酸甲酯等。总体上，二倍体白姜花在四倍化过程中挥发性成分种类和总含量增加，相同倍性不同时期的挥发性成分种类和含量也存在差异，白姜花切花的挥发性成分以萜烯类为主。

关键词:白姜花;四倍体;挥发性成分;气相色谱-质谱联用;罗勒烯

Abstract:

In order to compare the difference of volatile components in cut flowers of diploid and tetraploid Hedychium coronarium, the types of volatile components released from cut flowers were determined by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at initial opening, blooming and early decay stages. The relative content of each component was determined by the peak area normalization method, and the orthogonal partial least quadratic discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model was established for principal component analysis and variable importance projection (VIP) analysis. The results showed that there were 63 terpenoids, 40 phenylpropanoids, and 22 fatty acid derivatives identified from the cut flowers. The relative content of terpenoids was higher than that of the other components. The total volatile mass of tetraploid flowers was significantly higher than those of diploids at initial opening and blooming stages. The difference of volatile components between diploid and tetraploid groups was obvious, and the difference within the two ploid groups was within the normal range. About 63.7% representative characteristics of volatile compounds were clustered. The variance analysis of the volatile compounds showed that the dominant and minor compounds contributed to the difference between the diploid and tetraploid. During blooming and early decaying stages, α-ocimene was the dominant component of tetraploid with the highest relative content, while β-ocimene was the dominant component with the highest relative content in diploid and significantly more than that in tetraploid. The common dominant components and contributions of diploid and tetraploid were caryophyllene, linalool, cineole, α-farnesene, and methyl benzenecarboxylate. Therefore, the types and total contents of volatile components increased with quadrupling process, and the types and contents of volatile components at different periods of the same ploidy were also different. The main volatile components of H. coronarium were terpenes.

Key words:Hedychium coronarium;Tetraploid;Volatile compounds;GC-MS;Ocimene