广西北部湾海岸带、海岛的外来入侵植物

Invasive Alien Plants in the Coastal Zone and Islands of Beibu Gulf, Guangxi

摘要:

为保护广西北部湾海岸带、海岛的植物多样性和生态系统多样性，通过样方、样带法野外实地调查并结合文献资料，对其外来入侵植物的物种组成、原产地、生活型、入侵途径和危害状况等进行了分析。结果表明，广西北部湾海岸带、海岛共有入侵植物64种，隶属28科55属，其中菊科(Asteraceae)最多(15种)。草本植物最多，有48种(75.00%)。原产地来自美洲的植物最多，有49种。入侵风险等级可划分为5个等级，其中Ⅰ级严重危害的有8种(12.50%)。与广西、广东、海南及华南地区的外来入侵植物在物种组成、生活型和原产地等方面呈现出较强的相似性；北部湾与广西中越边境内陆地区来自美洲的入侵植物都超过60%。因此推测广西外来入侵植物有两条可能的入侵线路：一是从海南登录，二是从中越边境跨入。广西北部湾海岸带、海岛的外来入侵植物总数(相对整个广西)虽较少，但其8种Ⅰ级严重危害植物的防治，仍需引起重视。

Abstract:

To protect the plant and ecosystem diversity of the coastal zone and islands along Beibu Gulf, Guangxi, the species composition, origin, life forms, invasion routes and damage status of alien invasive plants were analyzed by field investigation using quadrats and transect methods and literature data. The results showed that there were total 64 invasive plants, belonging to 28 families and 55 genera, in which, Asteraceae (15 species) were the most. Herbaceous plants were most with 48 species, accounting for 75.00%. The plants originated from America were the most with 49 species. The risk level of invasion could be divided into 5 grades, among which grade Ⅰ (serious hazards) had 8 species, accounting for 12.50%. The alien invasive plants of Beibu Gulf were similar to those from Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and South China in species composition, life forms and origin. There were more than 60% of invasive plants come from the Americas in Beibu Gulf and inland area of China-Vietnam border in Guangxi. So, it was speculated that there were two possible invasion routes in Guangxi: one was from Hainan, and the other was from China-Vietnam border. Although the total number of alien invasive plants in Beibu Gulf was smaller than that in Guangxi, the prevention and control of 8 alien invasive species of grade Ⅰ should be paid more attention.