福建省花生地方品种营养特性分析

Nutrition Characterization of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Varieties from Fujian, China

摘要:

为挖掘并精准利用福建地方特色花生(Arachis hypogaea)资源，以‘赖坊’、‘衙口小琉球’、‘朱口小籽’、‘文亨红衣’、‘洋后’等5种地理标志花生为研究对象，描述生物学性状，比较分析其营养(脂肪酸、矿质元素、维生素E、甾醇和白藜芦醇等)差异。结果表明，供试花生外形特征和种皮颜色有明显的差异，主茎高或侧枝长与单株生产力均呈负相关；部分品种间的蛋白质、脂肪、可溶性糖、膳食纤维、脂肪酸、矿质元素和天然功能性成分含量差异显著(P < 0.05)，其中‘衙口小琉球’的蛋白质含量最高，‘朱口小籽’的脂肪、油亚比、维生素E、白藜芦醇含量最高，‘文亨红衣’的铁、植物甾醇含量最高。供试的5个花生品种均达到食用花生1级、油用花生3级标准，且地方特征明显，更适合直接食用。

关键词:花生;生物学性状;营养品质;活性物质;品种

Abstract:

To excavate and accurately utilize Arachis hypogaea resources in Fujian, five geographical indication varieties with different phenotype and seed coat color, including 'Laifang', 'Yakouxiaoliuqiu', 'Zhukouxiaozi', 'Wenhenghongyi' and 'Yanghou', were collected. Their biological traits were described in details and the nutritional components, such as fatty acid, mineral element, vitamin E, and sterols were analyzed. The appearance characteristics and seed coat color of these peanut varieties were different. The main stem height or lateral branch length was negatively correlated with individual plant productivity. Contents of protein, fat, soluble sugar, dietary fiber, fatty acid, mineral elements and bioactive components in different peanut varieties were significantly different (P < 0.05). Among these, the contents of protein in 'Yakouxiaoliuqiu', fat, O/L value, vitamin E, and resveratrol in 'Zhukouxiaozi', Fe and phytosterol in 'Wenhenghongyi' was the highest, respectively. These results indicated that all five special peanuts accord with the grade 1 standards for direct consumption and grade 3 peanuts for oil, and have obvious local characteristics such as high iron contents.

Key words:Peanut;Biological traits;Nutritional quality;Active substance;Variety