摘心对‘巨峰’葡萄生长及蔗糖和淀粉代谢的调控作用

Effect of Shoot Pinching on Growth, Sucrose and Starch Metabolism in ‘Kyoho’ Grape

摘要:

为揭示摘心对‘巨峰’葡萄(Vitis vinifera×V. labrusca ‘Kyoho’)生长发育、蔗糖和淀粉代谢的作用及其分子机理，采用不同留叶摘心方式，对叶片和茎段表型，果实可溶性固形物、蔗糖和淀粉积累特征，以及蔗糖和淀粉代谢相关基因的表达进行了研究。结果表明，摘心抑制‘巨峰’葡萄叶片生长和茎段增粗，但促进花序早期的快速增长，提高单果重、果穗重、株产量和可溶性固形物含量；2叶摘心提高生长发育后期叶片蔗糖、茎段蔗糖和淀粉的含量；2叶摘心促进蔗糖代谢基因SPS、NI、CWI的高表达，同时抑制淀粉代谢中AMY的表达。因此，2叶摘心能够调控SPS、NI、CWI和AMY基因的表达进而促进蔗糖合成和淀粉积累，为果实成熟、新梢萌芽和开花奠定营养基础。

Abstract:

To reveal the effects of shoot pinching on the growth, sucrose and starch metabolism in ‘Kyoho’ grape (Vitis vinifera×V. labrusca) and its mechanism, the phenotype of leaves and stems, accumulation characteristics of soluble solids, sucrose and starch in fruits, and expression of genes related to sucrose and starch metabolism were studied by different ways of shoot pinching. The results showed that shoot pinching inhibited leaf growth and stem enlargement of ‘Kyoho’, but promoted the rapid growth of inflorescence in early stage, and increasing fruit weight, ear weight, plant yield and soluble solid content. The contents of sucrose in leaves, sucrose and starch in stems increased in late stage under 2-leaf pinching, and the expression of SPS, NI and CWI in sucrose metabolism enhanced, while that of AMY in starch metabolism inhibited. Therefore, it was suggested that 2-leaf pinching could regulate the expression of SPS, NI, CWI and AMY genes, and promoted sucrose synthesis and starch accumulation, laying a nutritional foundation for fruit ripening, germination and flowering.