姜科花卉种质资源的引种保存、评价与创新

Introduction, Preservation, Evaluation and Innovation of Germplasm Resources of Zingiberaceae Flower

摘要:

为科学开发利用姜科花卉种质资源，收集84种姜科花卉种质资源进行引种，结合生长情况、观赏特点和经济用途进行引种保存的分析与评价，采用人工杂交育种的方法进行种质创新。结果表明，84种姜科花卉种质资源引种成活了77种，成活率91.7%，成活种类的开花率98.7%，结果率63.6%。生长状况优的种类占59.5%，生长良好的占7.1%，生长中等的占25%，死亡的占8.3%。分布于中低海拔热带亚热带地区的大部分姜科种类能在粤港澳大湾区保存，而分布在热带、中高海拔及特殊生境地区的则不适宜。阶段驯化法可用于引种保存工作；有60.7%的种类为多用途花卉。杂交育种法既可创新种质又可转移保存优良姜科花卉基因。

Abstract:

In order to develop and utilize germplasm resources of zingiberaceae flowers, 84 species of germplasm resources of zingiberaceae flowers were collected and introduced, analyzed and evaluated in combination with growth, ornamental characteristics and economic use, and germplasm innovation was carried out by artificial cross breeding. The results showed that 77 of 84 introduction germplasm resources of Zingiberaceae survived with survival of 91.7%, flowering rate of 98.7%, and fruiting rate of 63.6%. Among all species, 59.5% had excellent growth, 7.1% had good growth, 25% had moderate growth and 8.3% had died. Most species of Zingiberaceae originally distributed in tropical and subtropical areas at middle and low altitudes could be preserved in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, while those in tropics at middle and high altitudes and special habitats areas were not suitable. Stage domestication method could be used for introduction and preservation, and there were 60.7% species of multipurpose flowers. The hybrid breeding could not only innovate new germplasm, but also transfer and preserve superior genes of Zingiberaceae flowers.