不同品种番石榴花的挥发性成分分析

Volatile Components in Flower of Ten Varieties of Psidium guajava

摘要:

为探究番石榴（Psidium guajava）花挥发性成分组成，采用顶空/气相色谱-质谱联用技术对10个番石榴品种（‘翠玉’、‘帝王’、‘本土’、‘红叶’、‘粉红蜜’、‘珍珠’、‘西瓜’、‘水蜜’、‘木瓜’和‘红宝石’）花的挥发性成分进行鉴定分析。结果表明，10个品种共检出相对含量在0.1%以上的挥发性成分43种，包含共有成分10种，以萜烯类化合物（89.77%~97.40%）为主。β-石竹烯、β-罗勒烯、桉叶油醇和d-柠檬烯为花主要挥发性成分。影响品种间挥发性成分差异的成分主要有7种，分别为α-蒎烯、β-罗勒烯、d-柠檬烯、3-蒈烯、香树烯、β-长叶蒎烯和1-异丙基-4，7-二甲基-1，2，3，5，6，8a-六氢萘。按照香气相似性，‘翠玉’和‘帝王’归为一类，‘水蜜’和‘本土’归为一类，‘粉红蜜’、‘西瓜’、‘红叶’、‘木瓜’和‘红宝石’归为一类，‘珍珠’为单独一类。不同品种番石榴花挥发性成分存在相似性和差异性，为番石榴花混合采摘及后期个性化开发利用提供理论基础。

关键词:番石榴;花;挥发性成分;顶空/气相色谱-质谱法

Abstract:

In order to investigate the volatile constituents from fresh flowers of Psidium guajava, the volatile components of ten guava varieties, including ‘Cuiyu’, ‘Diwang’, ‘Bentu’, ‘Hongye’, ‘Fenhongmi’, ‘Zhenzhu’, ‘Xigua’, ‘Shuimi’, ‘Mugua’ and ‘Hongbaoshi’, were determined by headspace-GC-MS method. The results showed that a total of 43 volatile components with relative content of more than 0.1% were detected, contained 10 common components, mainly consisted of terpenes with the content of 89.77%-97.40%. β-Ocimene, d-limonene, eucalyptol and β-caryophyllene were the main volatile components in the ten varieties. Seven volatile compounds, including α-pinene, β-ocimene, d-limonene, 3-carene, alloaromadendrene, β-longipinene and 1-isopropyl-4,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,5,6,8a-hexahydronaphthalene, mainly caused the volatile components differences in different varieties. Ten guava varieties could be divided into 4 groups according to aroma similarity. ‘Cuiyu’ and ‘Diwang’ falled into a group, while ‘Shuimi’ and ‘Bentu’ belonged to one group, ‘Fenhongmi’, ‘Xigua’, ‘Hongye’, ‘Mugua’ and ‘Hongbaoshi’ were clustered one group, and the fourth group had only ‘Zhenzhu’. There were similarities and differences in the volatile components of different varieties of guava flowers, which provide a theoretical basis for the mixed picking and personalized development and utilization of guava flowers.

Key words:Psidium guajava;Flower;Volatile component;Headspace-GC-MS