四川省茂县药用种子植物区系分析

Floristic Studies of Medicinal Seed Plants in Mao County, Sichuan Province, China

摘要:

为摸清四川茂县药用种子植物资源状况，在茂县第3次和第4次中药资源普查资料的基础上，对茂县药用种子植物区系进行统计分析。结果表明，茂县县域内药用种子植物共130科582属1 342种，包括裸子植物7科14属18种，被子植物123科568属1 324种，其中国家重点保护野生植物18科37属57种。15个大型科(科内种数大于20)分别占总属、种数的48.45%、56.56%，处于主导地位；小型属(含2~4种)共507属783种，分别占总属、种数的87.11%、58.35%。茂县药用种子植物科以热带成分占明显优势(56.52%)，而属以温带成分占优势地位(68.11%)；茂县的药用种子植物区系比剑阁县和盐边县呈现更为明显的温带性，而较澜沧江源区与错那县的热带成分更为活跃，揭示纬度和海拔可能是决定茂县药用种子植物区系性质的关键因素。因此，茂县药用种子植物区系不仅具有较高的物种多样性，同时还具有一定的区系地理成分复杂性，主要体现在温带性质占主导地位的同时亦呈现较为明显的过渡性质，因此茂县可视作研究横断山脉地区南北植物交流的关键地区之一，在药用种子植物的多样性保护和开发利用研究方面值得重点关注。

Abstract:

To reveal the resources status of medicinal seed plants in Mao County, the floristic characters of medicinal seed plants in Mao County was studied based on the data of the 3rd and 4th Chinese materia medica resource survey. The results showed that there were 1 342 species of medicinal seed plants in Mao County, belonging to 582 genera and 130 families. Among them, there were 7 families, 14 genera, 18 species in gymnosperms, 123 families, 568 genera, 1 324 species in angiosperms, and national key protected wild plants had 18 families, 37 genera, and 57 species. Fifteen large families (containing more than 20 species) were dominant, accounting for 48.45% and 56.56% of the total genera and species, respectively, while small genus (including 2-4 species) had 507 genera and 783 species, accounting for 87.11% and 58.35% of the total genera and species, respectively. In terms of areal types, the tropical component was dominant at family level (56.52%), while the north temperate component was dominant (68.11%) at the genus level. Compared with neighboring areas, the flora of medicinal seed plants in Mao County showed more distinct temperate than that in Jiange County and Yanbian County, while the tropical component of Mao County was more active than that in source area of Lancang River and Cuona County, revealing that latitude and altitude might be the key factors in determining the floristic character of medicinal seed plants in Mao County. Therefore, the flora of Mao County medicinal seed plants not only had a high species diversity, but also had a certain degree of complexity of floristic geographical components, which was mainly reflected in the dominant temperate zone nature and also showed a relatively obvious transitional nature. MAO County could be regarded as one of the key areas for studying the north-south plant communication in Hengduan Mountain region. It was worth paying more attention to the diversity protection and exploitation of medicinal seed plants.