Abstract:Cyatheaceae is an ancient relict plant. The existing natural communities of Alsophila spinulosa are very rare. Cyatheaceae distributes in high temperature, humidity and light spots, often in patches at the edges of evergreen broad-leaved forests. Currently, the main problems facing the conservation of A. spinulosa are ecological tourism, deforestation, environmental pollution, illegal picking and mining of medicinal materials, etc., which lead to the disturbance and fragmentation of habitat and the number decrease of A. spinulosa. The conservation methods of A. spinulosa mainly include in situ conservation and ex situ conservation, and the application of molecular biology technology in breeding is increasing gradually. The distribution and diversity of A. spinulosa are restricted by biological and abiotic factors, and the growth and distribution are greatly affected by biological factors, especially the interspecific relationship. The conservation of A. spinulosa from the perspective of interspecific relationship may be an effective way in the new era. The interspecific relationships between Cyatheaceae plants with microbial, other plants and animals were discussed, as well as the factors causing the extinction of A. spinulosa and the related conservation strategies and effects in recent years, which would provid a theoretical basis for the effective utilization and protection of A. spinulosa.