我国油莎豆栽培品系表型特征的相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Phenotypic Characterization of Cultivated Tiger Nuts (Cyperus esculentus) in China

摘要:

油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)起源于地中海北非地区，是一种在块茎器官中储藏油脂的特殊油料作物。为在我国推广油莎豆的种植，急需对我国油莎豆品系的基本生物学特性进行研究。收集了国内油莎豆主要种植地的种质资源(品系)，经过大田种植后，比较分析了品系间块茎和植株部分性状及其相关性。根据块茎的大小和形态，将这些栽培油莎豆品系归为3个基本类型，即长粒型、大粒型和圆粒型。在大田种植条件下，油莎豆各品系都极少开花，品系之间块茎芽点数和茎环数无显著性差异。但是这3个类型油莎豆在块茎含油量、叶片和植株形态、分蘖特性等方面具有很大差异。叶片长宽比与块茎高宽比显著正相关，但叶片形态与块茎含油量的相关性不显著。该研究结果可为油莎豆的大田种植和品种选育提供重要参考。

Abstract:

Tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus) originated from the Mediterranean Coast in North Africa. It is a special oil crop that stores oil in tuber tissues. In order to popularize the cultivation of tiger nut, it is urgent to study the basic biological characteristics of cultivated tiger nut lines in China. Therefore, the germplasm lines from the main planting areas of tiger nut in China were collected. After field planting, some characters of tuber and plant and their correlation among lines were compared and analyzed. According to tuber size and tuber shape, these cultivated tiger nut lines could be divided into three basic types, namely long tuber, big tuber and round tuber. Under the field planting conditions, the flowering rates of each lines ware very few, and there was no significant difference in the number of tuber buds and tuber rings among these lines. However, these three types of tiger nut have great differences in oil content, leaf and plant morphology, and tillering characters. The leaf length-width ratio was significantly positively correlated with the tuber height-width ratio, but the correlation between leaf morphology and tuber oil content was not significant. These would provide important reference for field planting and variety breeding of tiger nuts.