鸡公山风景区针阔混交林藤本植物在树干不同方位的依附规律

Attachment Rules of Lianas on Trunks at Different Positions in Mixed Broadleaf-conifer Forest at Jigong Mountain

摘要:

为了揭示森林藤本植物在树干表面的分布规律，在鸡公山风景区的枫香(Liquidambar formosana)-马尾松(Pinus massoniana)针阔混交林内，采用样方法和定量调查法分析了以气生根为攀缘策略的络石(Trachelospermum divaricatum)在枫香和马尾松树干表面不同方位分布的数量差异。结果表明，络石在枫香和马尾松树干不同方位的分布状况因树高而异。在枫香树干基径(5 cm)处，西北方位附着的络石数量(6.6 ind./tree)显著高于东北方位(4.6 ind./tree)和东南方位(4.3 ind./tree)；在胸径(130 cm)处，西南和东南方位附着的络石数量则显著高于西北方位；络石在基径和胸径处的死亡率均表现为南侧低，北侧高。在马尾松基径处，西北方位的络石具有最高的死亡率(35.1%)，导致存活数量最少(4.6 ind./tree)；胸径处则东南方位络石最多；并且南侧的络石死亡率低于北侧。因此，络石在攀缘林木不同方位的分布存在显著差异，且与树干高度和林木胸径密切相关，这是树干微环境和藤本植物自身生理特征共同作用的结果。

Abstract:

To reveal the distribution law of lianas on tree trunk, the difference of Trachelospermum divaricatum with aerial root climbing strategy in different directions on the surface of Liquidambar formosana and Pinus massoniana was analyzed in a coniferous and broadleaf mixed forest in Jigong Mountain. The results showed that the distribution of T. divaricatum on the trunk of L. formosana and P. massoniana varied with the height of the tree. At basal diameter (5 cm height) of L. formosana, the number of T. divaricatum (6.6 ind./tree) attached in the northwest was significantly higher than that in the northeast (4.6 ind./tree) and southeast (4.3 ind./tree). At the breast diameter (130 cm height), the number of T. divaricatum growing in the southwest and southeast was significantly higher than that in the northwest. At the height of basal and breast diameter of L. formosana, the mortality of T. divaricatum in the south is significantly lower than that in the north. At the height of basal diameter of P. massoniana, the mortality of T. divaricatum was the highest (35.1%) in the northwest, thus lead to the least number of T. divaricatum (4.6 ind./tree). At the height of breast diameter of P. massoniana, the number of T. divaricatum distributed in the southeast was greater than the other directions. In addition, T. divaricatum mortality in the south was greater than that in the north. Therefore, there are significant differences in the distribution of T. divaricatum in different directions of climbing trees, which varied with height and diameter at breast height, indicating that the distribution pattern of liana was regulated by both microenvironment of the trunk and physiological feature of liana.