槟榔核心资源品质鉴定和特异种质筛选

Quanlity Identification of Core Resources and Specific Germplasm Screening of Areca catechu

摘要:

为培育槟榔（Areca catechu）优良新品种，对10份核心资源品质进行鉴定和相关性分析。结果表明，不同种质资源的品质性状存在显著差异，9个性状的变异系数为7.00%~190.13%，其中，表儿茶素含量的变异系数最大，鲜果横径的最小。相关性分析表明，鲜果纵径与槟榔碱含量呈极显著正相关，与没食子酸含量呈显著负相关。基于SSR分子标记的遗传聚类分析可将10份资源分为3组，I组为S-J18-06、Z-J18-01、S-J18-08、Z-J18-05、S-J18-16、S-J18-15和S-J18-22；II组为S-J18-19和S-J18-13；III组为S-J18-25，I组资源的果形均为海南加工企业需求类型。III组资源S-J18-25的表儿茶素含量高、含特异生物碱成分，可在槟榔育种研究中加以挖掘利用。

Abstract:

In order to cultivate excellent new varieties of Areca catechu, the quality identification and correlation analysis of 10 core resources were studied. The results showed that there were significant differences in quality traits among different resources. The variation coefficients of 9 traits, including equatorial diameter, transverse diameter, single fruit, arecoline, arecaidine, fructose, glucose, gallic acid and epicatechin, ranged from 7.00% to 190.13%, among which the variation coefficient of epicatechin content was the largest and that of horizontal diameter of fresh fruit was the smallest. Correlation analysis showed that the longitudinal diameter of fresh fruit was significantly positively correlated with arecoline content, while significantly negatively correlated with gallic acid content. Base on the SSR marker, 10 core resources could be divided into 3 groups, group I included S-J18-06, Z-J18-01, S-J18-08, Z-J18-05, S-J18-16, S-J18-15 and S-J18-22, group II had S-J18-19, S-J18-13, and S-J18-25 into group III. The fruit shapes of the resources in group I were all demand types of Hainan processing enterprises. The germplasm resource (group III) S-J18-25 of A. catechu contains high epicatechin content and specific alkaloids, which could be exploited and utilized in breeding.