19个茶树杂交新品系主要性状比较及其遗传多样性分析

Main Agronomic Characters and Genetic Diversity of 19 Cross New Lines of Tea Cultivars

摘要:

为探讨茶树（Camellia sinensis）种质资源的遗传背景，加快新品种选育进程，对19份区试茶树新品系的农艺性状进行观测，结合SSR标记进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明，新品系1001 （‘春绿2号’）、1017、46-6为特早生种，萌发期比对照‘福鼎大白’早10 d以上；除1001是小乔木外，其余品系均为灌木；新品系叶形多为长椭圆形，1017品系为近圆形，1011与1012品系为近椭圆形。利用48对SSR引物对19个茶树新品系进行扩增，共扩增出231个等位基因（Na），每对引物平均扩增出4.8个；多态性信息含量（PIC）为0.14~0.85，平均0.55，PIC超过平均值（0.55）的有28对引物，占引物总数的58.33%。聚类分析表明，在遗传距离为0.32时，29份种质资源可分为4类，第一类有1009、‘黄玫瑰’、‘黄旦’和‘黄观音’等4个，第二类有1011、1008、1014等16个，第三类有‘福鼎大白’、‘福云6号’、1017、1019、1015等5个；第四类有1001与‘早春毫’。这为茶树新品种的选育提供了种质资源。

关键词:茶树;农艺性状;SSR;遗传多样性

Abstract:

The aim was to explore the genetic background of tea (Camellia sinensis) germplasm for accelerate the breeding of new varieties, the agronomic traits of 19 tea germplasms were observed, and the genetic diversity were analyzed by using SSR markers. The results showed that the new lines 1001 (‘chunlv 2’), 1017 and 46-6 were extra early cultivars, which germination stage was earlier more than 10 days than that of control (‘Fudingdabai’). Except 1001 line (‘chunlv2’) was small tree, the others were shrubs. The leaf shape of most new cultivars was long ellipse, except that 1017, 1011 and 1012 were circular or nearly circular. A total of 231 alleles were amplified from 19 tea germplasms by 48 SSR primers, with an average of 4.8 alleles per SSR. The polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.14 to 0.85 with an average of 0.55. The PIC of 28 pairs of primers was more than 0.55, accounting for 58.33% to the total of primers. The cluster analysis indicated that 27 tea germplasms could be divided into 4 categories at the genetic distance of 0.32, the first category included lines 1009, ‘Huangmeigui’, ‘Huangdan’ and ‘Huangguanyin’; the second category had 16 lines, such as 1011, 1008, and 1014, etc; the third category had ‘Fudingdabai’, ‘Fuyun 6’, 1017, 1019 and 1015; and the fourth category had 1001 and ‘Zaochunhao’. Therefore, these provide germplasm resources for breeding of new tea varieties.

Key words:Camellia sinensis;Agronomic trait;SSR;Genetic diversity