黔中喀斯特9种木质藤本叶功能性状研究

Studies on Leaf Functional Traits of Nine Woody Lianas in the Karst Area of Central Guizhou Province

摘要:

为揭示喀斯特生境中藤本植物的生态策略，对中国科学院普定喀斯特生态系统观测研究站的陈旗流域中9种木质藤本的叶片功能性状及其相关性进行了研究。结果表明，叶面积、叶厚度、叶绿素含量、比叶面积、叶组织密度和叶干物质含量6个叶功能性状均存在不同程度的变异，性状的种间变异为9.24%~98.18%，种内变异为0.64%~39.71%。落叶植物性状的种内变异系数低于常绿植物；相较于喀斯特乔灌木，藤本植物具有较低的叶厚度、叶组织密度和较高的叶面积、叶干物质含量；藤本植物叶功能性状间关系紧密，比叶面积与叶组织密度、叶干物质含量呈极显著负相关，叶组织密度与叶干物质含量呈极显著正相关。叶绿素含量与叶干物质含量呈极显著负相关。叶厚度与叶绿素含量呈显著正相关，与叶组织密度呈显著负相关。除叶厚度外，叶面积与其余性状均存在显著或极显著相关性。结合叶经济谱理论分析，刺葡萄（Vitis davidii var. davidii）、野葛（Pueraria montana）和野葡萄（V. amurensis）倾向于“快速偿还”型，白木通（Akebia trifoliata）、红毛悬钩子（Rubus pinfaensis）、小果蔷薇（Rosa cymosa）和崖豆藤（Millettia extensa）倾向于“慢速偿还”型，插田泡（Rubus coreanus）和勾儿茶（Berchemia polyphylla）的功能分异明显，介于两者之间。可见，为适应干旱贫瘠的喀斯特环境，藤本植物通过权衡叶功能性状关系来采取不同的适应策略。

Abstract:

In order to reveal the ecological strategies of lianas in karst habitats, the leaf function traits and their relationships of nine woody lianas in Chenqi watershed of the Puding Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences were studied. The results showed that six leaf functional traits, such as leaf area, leaf thickness, chlorophyll content, specific leaf area, leaf tissue density and leaf dry matter content, had varied in different degrees. The interspecific variation of traits ranged from 9.24% to 98.18%, while intraspecific variation from 0.64% to 39.71%. The intraspecific coefficient of variation of traits in deciduous plant was lower than that in evergreen plants. Compared with leaves of karst trees and shrubs, lianas had lower thickness, tissue density and higher area and dry matter content. There was close relationship among leaf functional traits in lianas. Specific leaf area had significant negative correlation with leaf tissue density and leaf dry matter content, and leaf tissue density had significant positive correlation with leaf dry matter content. Chlorophyll content had significant negative correlation with leaf dry matter content. Leaf thickness had significant positive correlation with chlorophyll content, and significant negative correlation with leaf tissue density. Except for leaf thickness, leaf area had significant correlation with other traits. Combined the leaf economic spectrum theory analysis, Vitis davidii var. davidii, Pueraria montana, and V. amurensis belonged to "quick-return type", and Akebia trifoliata and Rubus pinfaensis, Rosa cymosa and Millettia extensa belonged to "slow-return type". The functional differentiation of Rubus coreanus and Berchemia polyphylla was obvious, fall in between. Therefore, it was suggested that lianas adopt different adaptation strategies by weighing the relationship among leaf functional traits in order to adapt to the arid and barren karst environment.