杜鹃属植物与杜鹃灌丛群落的研究进展

Advances in the Rhododendron and Rhododendron Shrub Communities

摘要:

对杜鹃属（Rhododendron L.）植物起源、中国分布、适应性、灌丛群落结构特征和演替特征等问题进行了综述，并对杜鹃属植物的深入研究和合理利用进行展望。中国西南地区以及喜马拉雅至缅甸北部地区为杜鹃属植物的起源中心，贵州百里杜鹃林是全球最大野生杜鹃资源库。杜鹃属植物的适应性与所在区系的同质性、海拔相似度、进化程度、关键功能性状等密切相关，基于进化-形态功能特征的比较为选育适应性优良的杜鹃品种提供了参考。杜鹃灌丛群落具有特殊性，表现出复杂的多层次垂直结构、镶嵌式水平结构和明显的年龄结构特征。依据群落具备优势种生态位宽度大且种群间的生态位相似性比例较小来判定杜鹃灌丛群落已演替至顶级的观点仍有待考证。

Abstract:

The origin, distribution, adaption, community structure and succession characteristics of Rhododendron were reviewed, and the further research and rational utilization prospected. The origin center of Rhododendron was southwest China and the regions from the Himalayas to northern Myanmar, and Guizhou Baili Rhododendron Forest is the widest wild Rhododendron resource bank all over the world. The adaption of Rhododendrons was closely related with homophily, elevation similarity, evolution degree, and key functional traits. The comparison method based on evolution-morphological functional characteristics provides reference for breeding Rhodo- dendrons with good adaption. Rhododendron shrub community has its own particularity, showing complex multi-level vertical structure, mosaic horizontal structure and obvious age structure. In term of succession characteristics, the view was still to be proved that Rhododendron shrub community had succession to the top level according to the large niche width of dominant species in the community and the small niche similarity ratio between populations.