兰科药用植物活性多糖研究进展

Advances in Active Polysaccharides in Medicinal Plants of Orchidaceae

摘要:

兰科（Orchidaceae）是有花植物中第二大科，目前已确认的兰科植物有736属28 000种，其中有82属343种可作药用。常见的兰科药用植物有铁皮石斛、天麻、白及和金线莲等。兰科药用植物功效成分主要为糖类、茋类、酚类、萜类、生物碱类、黄酮类和甾醇等，其中主要由甘露糖和葡萄糖等单糖构成的水溶性多糖是其重要活性成分之一，具有增强免疫力、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、降血糖和改善记忆等多种药理功能。对兰科药用植物活性多糖的结构、药理作用和生物合成等方面的研究进展进行了综述，并提出今后需要重点研究的方向，为进一步推动兰科药用植物资源保护及合理开发利用提供参考。

关键词:兰科;多糖;药理活性;生物合成

Abstract:

Orchidaceae is the second largest family of flowering plants. There are 28 000 species in 736 genera identified, among them, 343 species in 82 genera are used as medicine, such as Dendrobium officinale, Gastrodia elata, Bletilla striata, Anoectochilus roxburghii, and so on. The main functional constituents in medicinal Orchidaceae plants are polysaccharides, stilbene derivatives, phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, flavones and sterols. Water-soluble polysaccharide in orchid plant are mainly composed of mannose and glucose, which is one of important pharmacological active constituents with many pharmacological functions, such as enhancing immunity, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, lowering blood glucose and improving memory. The structure, pharmacological function and biosynthesis of active polysaccharide in medicinal Orchidaceae plants are reviewed, and some key problems were proposed for further research, which would provide references for further promoting the protection and rational exploitation of medicinal resources of Orchidaceae.

Key words:Orchidaceae;Polysaccharide;Pharmacological activity;Biosynthesis