雄性不育无籽刺梨花药发育过程中生理特性的初步研究

Studies on Physiological and Biochemical Characters of Male Sterile Rosa sterilis during Anther Development Stage

摘要:

为探究无籽刺梨（Rosa sterilis）雄性不育原因，采用1% I₂-KI染色法观察花粉活性，并对无籽刺梨和正常可育刺梨（R.roburghii）花药不同发育时期的生理生化指标进行了研究。结果表明，无籽刺梨的败育花粉占95.5%，刺梨的正常花粉占99%。刺梨花药的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量在各时期的总体变化趋势相似，可溶性淀粉含量呈上升趋势，而无籽刺梨花药的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖、淀粉和脯氨酸含量在各时期的变化无规律可循，且花粉成熟期这4种物质的含量均明显低于刺梨，即花粉成熟期缺少各营养物质的积累。在花药发育过程中，无籽刺梨的SOD活性均低于刺梨；MDA含量呈上升趋势，且上升幅度比刺梨大；MDA含量和POD活性均高于刺梨。因此，营养物质的匮乏和酶系统的紊乱可能是导致无籽刺梨雄性不育的原因。

Abstract:

In order to understand the male sterility of Rosa sterilis, the pollen activities were observed by I₂-KI staining method, and the physiological and biochemical characters of male sterile R. sterilis and fertile R. roburghii were studied at anther different development stage. The results showed that abortive pollen of R. sterilis accounted for 95.5%, while normal pollen of R. roburghii reached up to 99%. At different development stages of R. roburghii anther, the change trends in contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline were similar, and soluble starch content increased. The change trends in contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline and soluble starch were irregular, and their contents were significantly lower than those in R. roburghii at pollen mature stage, so that R. sterilis anther in mature pollen stage lack of the accumulation of nutrients. In the different development stage, SOD activity in R. sterilis were lower than that in R. roburghii. The MDA content increased in R. sterilis anther with the development, and the increment range was greater than that in R. roburghii. MDA content and POD activity were higher than those in R. roburghii. Therefore, it was suggest that the lack of nutrients and turbulence of enzyme system would be a reason of male sterility of R. sterilis.