43个福建省茶树品种指纹图谱构建及遗传多样性分析

Constructing Fingerprints and Analyzing Genetic Diversity of 43 Tea Cultivars in Fujian Province

摘要:

为了解福建省茶树品种的遗传多样性，从38对SSR引物中筛选出扩增条带清晰，多态性较好的引物23对，对43个茶树品种的遗传多样性进行了分析，并选取扩增条带少、多态性较高的7对SSR引物构建茶树品种指纹图谱。聚类结果表明，43个茶树品种可聚成10个类群，遗传距离最远的品种是‘八仙茶’，距离最近的品种是‘福鼎大毫茶’与‘九龙大白茶’；福建省选育的乌龙茶品种比绿茶品种的遗传多样性丰富；同时来源于共同亲本的品种表现出较高的相似系数，聚为一类；来源地相同的品种也因有较高的相似系数而聚为一类；地理距离越远的品种，遗传距离也越大。这为茶叶生产选种和茶树遗传改良提供参考依据。

Abstract:

In order to understand the relationships of tea cultivars in Fujian Province, the genetic diversities of 43 tea (Camellia sinensis) cultivars were analyzed by using 23 pairs of primers selected from the 38 pairs of SSR markers. Seven pairs of SSR primers with less amplification bands and relatively high polymorphisms were further selected to construct the fingerprints of tea cultivars. Cluster analysis showed that the 43 tea cultivars could be divided into ten groups. The farthest genetic distance is ‘Baxiancha’ and the closest genetic distance is between ‘Fuding-dahaocha’ and ‘Jiulongdabaicha’. The genetic diversity of Oolong tea cultivars was higher than that of green tea cultivars. There was high similar coefficient among cultivars originated from common parents, and usually clustered into the same group. Similarly, the cultivars originated from the same region were usually formed into the same group, while the cultivars with farther geographical distance showed large genetic distance. These would provide references for cultivars selection and genetic improvement of tea tree.