果实成熟度和贮藏条件对枇杷种子无菌萌发的影响

Effects of Fruit Maturity and Storage Conditions on Aseptic Germination of Loquat Seeds

摘要:

为探讨影响枇杷（Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.）种子萌发的因素，将种子播种于1/2MS培养基80 d，研究了成熟度和贮藏条件对枇杷种子萌发的影响。结果表明，‘软条白沙’、‘宁海白’、‘塘科白沙’和‘大红袍’转色期和完熟期采收的种子的萌发率和苗高无显著差异；而‘大房’完熟期采收种子的萌发率较高。‘洛阳青’枇杷果实或种子经4℃贮藏5 d和10 d，萌发率和苗高与未贮藏种子的无显著差异，而贮藏期达20 d或更长时，贮藏种子的萌发率和苗高显著下降。在不同温度下贮藏的枇杷种子萌发率和苗高存在差异，‘早钟6号’和‘太平白’枇杷在15℃和4℃的优于25℃的，但适宜贮藏时间分别不超过15 d和30 d。因此，在转色期采收果实以及适度贮藏果实或种子可以保持枇杷种子的萌发能力。

Abstract:

In order to understand the influence factors on germination of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) seeds, the seeds were sown on 1/2MS medium for 80 days, the effects of fruit maturity and storage conditions on aseptic germination of seeds were studied. The results showed that germination rate and seedling height had no significant difference for seeds collected at color turning stage or full mature stage for ‘Ruantiaobaisha’, ‘Ninghaibai’, ‘Tangkebaisha’ and ‘Dahongpao’, while germination rate of ‘Oobusa’ seeds collected at full maturity stage were high. The seed germination rate and seedling height of ‘Luoyangqing’ stored under 4℃ for 5 d or 10 d had no significant changes, however, which significantly decreased when the seeds were stored for 20 d or more. The germination rates and seedling heights also varied greatly under different storage temperatures, those of ‘Zaozhong 6’ and ‘Taipingbai’ stored under 15℃ or 4℃ were higher than those under 25℃, and the suitable storage time was no more than 15 d and 30 d, respectively. Therefore, it would maintain the germination ability of loquat seeds by harvesting fruits at color turning stage and appropriate storage.