浙北52种景观树种对大气硫、氟污染物吸收富集能力研究

Study on the Enrichment Abilities of 52 Landscape Trees on Atmospheric Sulfur and Fluorine Pollutions in Northern Zhejiang

摘要:

为探究浙北地区常见景观树种对大气硫、氟污染物的吸收净化能力，采用典型调查法对嘉兴市北部化工区（污染区）和中央公园（清洁区）共52种景观树种叶片的硫、氟含量进行测定，对其在污染环境中吸收富集硫、氟污染物的能力进行评价。结果表明，浙北地区52种景观树种叶片硫、氟含量差异较大，不同采样点和不同生活型之间的变异也较大。灌木树种叶片硫和氟含量略低于乔木，但高于小乔木；落叶树种叶片硫和氟含量均高于常绿树种。依据叶片对硫、氟的生物富集系数（BCF）和叶片的硫、氟含量，将这52种景观植物分为5大类，筛选出对硫、氟污染的综合修复能力较强的树种，如杨树（Pterocarya stenoptera）、柳树（Salix babylonica）、火棘（Pyracantha fortuneana）、广玉兰（Magnolia grandiflora）、红花继木（Loropetalum chinense）、榉树（Zelkova serrata）、桂花（Osmanthus fragrans）和红枫（Acer palmatum‘Atropurpureum’）等。这些可为浙北地区植物修复化工区硫、氟污染研究提供借鉴。

Abstract:

To evaluate the absorption and purgation capacity of 52 landscape trees to atmospheric sulfur (S) and fluorine (F) pollution in Northern Zhejiang, the leaf S and F contents of trees grown in chemical industry zone (pollution area) and Central Park (clean area) were determined, and their phytoremediation capabilities to pollution environment were evaluated. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf S and F contents among 52 species, and variations between different sampling points and different life forms were also significant. The absorption efficiencies of shrub on S and F were both slightly lower than that of arbor, but higher than small arbor, meanwhile, the leaf S and F contents of deciduous species were higher than that of evergreen species. According to the leaf bioconcentration factors (BCF) and contents of S and F in species, these 52 landscape trees could be divided into five clusters, and several species with higher comprehensive absorption ability on S and F pollutions were screened out, such as Pterocarya stenoptera, Salix babylonica, Pyracantha fortuneana, Magnolia grandiflora, Loropetalum chinense, Zelkova serrata, Osmanthus fragrans and Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum’, et al. These would provide references for the pollution control of S and F as well as phytoremediation in northern Zhejiang.