超甜玉米种子萌发物质利用性状杂种优势及亲子回归关系分析

Heterosis and Parentage Regression Relation Analysis of Seed Reserve Utilization Efficiency in Sh2 Sweet Corn

摘要:

为阐明超甜玉米（Zea mays L.var.saccharata Bailey）亲本对F₁种子物质利用性状遗传效应，研究了19份自交系和其测配的10个杂交组合的杂种优势及亲子回归关系。结果表明，超甜玉米自交系及F₁种子的淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、百粒重、种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率差异较大，10个杂交组合中亲本和F₁种子的淀粉含量、脂肪含量、百粒重均存在显著差异。F₁种子淀粉含量和百粒重均表现出正向超亲优势，即近高亲本遗传；而F₁种子的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率为近低亲本遗传。聚类分析和杂种优势分析表明，性状差异较大的FH14、Q26、GT22、GT2等亲本测配的杂交组合在种子百粒重或种子物质利用率等性状上具有较强的超亲优势。回归分析表明，母本对F₁种子的淀粉含量、百粒重有负效应，对种子物质动用量和种子物质利用率有正效应；父本对种子淀粉含量有负效应，对种子物质利用率有正效应。

Abstract:

To reveal the genetic effect of parents on F₁ seeds reserve utilization of Zea mays L. var. saccharata Bailey, the heterosis and regression relation between parents and F₁ hybrid seeds from 19 inbred lines and 10 hybrid combinations were studied. The results showed that there were obvious differences in contents of starch, protein, fat, 100-seed weight, the weight of mobilized seed reserve and seed reserve utilization efficiency between inbred lines and F₁ hybrid seeds. There were significant differences in starch content, fat content and 100-seed weight between parents on F₁ seeds. The starch content and 100-seed weight of F₁ hybrid seeds were higher than those of parents, while other traits were lower. However, the 100-seed weight and seed reserve utilization efficiency in F₁ seeds from the combinations of FH14, Q26, GT22 and GT2 had strong heterosis by cluster analysis, which had significant difference in characters. Regression analysis showed that female parent had positive effects on the mobilized seed reserve and seed reserve utilization efficiency, but have negative influences on starch content and 100-seed weight of F₁ seeds, while male parent have negative effects on starch content and have positive effect on seed reserve utilization efficiency.