2008-2016年间广州市外来入侵植物的变化分析

Dynamic Changes in Alien Invasive Plants in Guangzhou during 2008- 2016

摘要:

为了解2008-2016年广州市外来入侵植物的变化，采用文献查阅和实地考察相结合的方式，近期对广州市外来入侵植物进行了调查。结果表明，2016年广州市外来入侵植物共有38科112属144种，比2008年分别增加了40.7%、89.8%和97.3%。新增加的71种植物主要有豆科（Fabaceae） 14种、菊科（Asteraceae） 13种、旋花科（Convolvulaceae） 6种、禾本科（Poaceae） 6种和茜草科（Rubiaceae） 5种。外来入侵植物主要来源于美洲（共104种），多为陆生草本植物。广州约一半以上的外来植物是通过人为有意引进，进而形成入侵的。恶意和严重入侵的植物种类约占入侵物种总数的40%，表明广州的城市森林生态系统已经面临着严重威胁。因此，需加强对广州市外来植物入侵动态的监测，提高对外来陆生草本植物引入危害风险的评估，并开展对外来入侵植物资源开发和利用的研究，以构建稳定的生态安全格局，保障绿色生态城市建设。

Abstract:

In order to understand the changes of alien invasive plants (AIPs) in Guangzhou during 2008-2016, the species number, origin, life form, invasive pathway and harmful degree of alien invasive plants were investigated recently in Guangzhou basing on combination of literatures and field survey. The result showed that there were 144 invasive species belonging to 38 families and 112 genera in Guangzhou in 2016, which were more than those in 2008 for 97.3%, 40.7% and 89.8% respectively. The 71 new alien invasive species were dominant with Fabaceae (14 species), Asteraceae (13 species), Convolvulaceae (6 species), Poaceae (6 species) and Rubiaceae (5 species). The AIPs mainly originated from America (104 species), and most of them were terrestrial herbs. More than 50% invasive species were introduced intentionally, and then invaded local ecosystem in Guangzhou. In addition, the alien plants at malicious and severe harmful degree took up about 40% of the total species, indicating that the urban forest ecosystem of Guangzhou have been facing serious threaten. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the dynamics monitoring of alien plants, improve the risk evaluation of alien terrestrial herbaceous plants, and carry out the development and utilization of alien plants, so as to establish a stable ecological security patterns and safeguard the construction of green ecological city.