燕麦属细胞遗传学研究进展

Research Advances on Cytogenetics of Avena (Pooideae, Poaceae)

摘要:

整理燕麦属（Avena L.）细胞遗传学研究文献，总结相关研究进展。燕麦属有7组29种植物，分属5个基因组类型（A、C、AB、AC、ACD）。基于荧光原位杂交技术和种间杂交实验表明，A、C基因组染色体结构差异较大，A基因组二倍体物种具有等臂染色体，C基因组二倍体物种具有不等臂染色体。燕麦属植物D基因组和A基因组间分化程度较小，B基因组有可能是A基因组的变型——A'基因组。普遍观点认为A基因组二倍体物种可能是燕麦属六倍体物种母系亲本，砂燕麦（A.strigosa）为该属多倍体物种A基因组祖先的假说备受争议，有学者认为加那利燕麦（A.canariensis）可能是多倍体物种A或D基因组的供体。燕麦属多倍体物种基因组互换及染色体重排事件，增加燕麦属种间亲缘关系、多倍体物种基因组起源研究的困难。结合基因组学、分子细胞遗传学技术，有望为上述问题提供新证据。

Abstract:

The research advances and future research directions for cytogenetics of Avena L.(Aveneae,Pooideae,Poaceae) were summarized by reviewing related literature.The 29 species of Avena were belonging to seven sections and five types of genomes (A,C,AB,AC,and ACD).Based on fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and chromosome pairing experiments between the interspecific F₁ generation hybrids,the major differences of chromosome structure were presented between A and C genomes——the isobrachial chromosomes in the A-genome diploids and the heterobrachial chromosomes in the C-genome diploids.Molecular phylogenetic data supported a close relationship between D and A genomes,while the B genome was similar to the A’ genome according to the cytogenetic data in Avena.The hypothesis of A-genome diploids being the maternal parents for hexaploid species of Avena occupied mainstream status,while Avena strigosa being the maternal A-genome donor for Avena polyploids were questionable,further some researchers thought that A.canariensis might be the A-or D-genome donor for Avena polyploids.Intergenomic interchange or chromosome rearrangement occurred during the divergence of Avena polyploids,resulting in more difficulties in researches of the interspecific relationship reconstruction,the genomic origin,and speciation process of polyploids in Avena.Therefore,the combination of genomics and molecular cytogenetic technologies might provide new evidence for above cytogenetic problems.