紫菀根的结构与主要药用成分积累研究

Studies on Structure and Accumulation of Main Chemical Constituents of Aster tataricus L. f. Roots

摘要:

为揭示紫菀根的结构、主要药用成分积累部位和含量，用石蜡切片法研究不同发育阶段根的结构、组织化学法定位三萜皂苷和黄酮类成分的积累部位、HPLC法测定根中紫菀酮、槲皮素和山奈酚的含量。结果表明，紫菀根的初生结构包括表皮、皮层和维管柱。次生结构包括外皮层、皮层和维管组织，其中分泌道位于皮层内侧，数量与韧皮部束一致，随着根的增粗，中央分化出髓部。三萜皂苷成分在韧皮部和皮层内侧积累较多；黄酮类成分积累于皮层和髓部。紫菀根下部的紫菀酮含量高于上部，槲皮素和山萘酚仅为上部的1/3。因此，建议加工时保留下部细根，实现资源综合利用。

关键词:紫菀;根;紫菀酮;槲皮素;山萘酚

Abstract:

In order to reveal structure, accumulation parts and contents of chemical constituents in Aster tataricus L. f. roots, the root structure at different developmental stages were observed by paraffin section, the accumulation parts of triterpenoid saponins and flavonoids were located by histochemistry, and the their contents were determined by HPLC. The results showed that the primary root of A. tataricus could be divided into epidermis, cortex and stele, and the secondary root included exodermis, cortex and vascular tissue. The secrete channels located inside the cortex, which number was consistent with the phloem bundles. The center of root differentiated the pith with the root thickening. Triterpenoid saponins were mainly distributed in phloem and interior cortex, while flavonoids were in cortex and pith. The content of shionone in lower part of root was more than that in upper, but the contents of quercetin and kaempferol in lower part were only one-third of those in upper. Therefore, it was suggested that the lower root would retain in processing for comprehensive utilization of the resources.

Key words:Aster tataricus;Root;Shionone;Quercetin;Kaempferol